My sleep pattern is really weird, am I getting enough sleep?

Lily gives good advice and I think you are sleeping fine. It's normal for mammals (humans included) to wake up in the night to survey the surroundings. After all we evolved to be prey whilst asleep. If you are not hallucinating (phycosis) from lack of sleep then you are obviously getting enough to function. There's some cases I have read of people with severe insomnia going 5 nights and days in a row without any sleep at all, eventually succumbing to exhaustion and falling asleep at work or more dangerously behind the steering wheel. At least you are getting some, as you can see above it can be a lot worse.

Anxiety releases a hormone called cortisol, the same hormone that wakes us up from sleep, we get a big dose of it to bring us out of sleep, when you are stressed or anxious you will be producing MORE cortisol than normal and thus causing early wakenings, I suggest you focus on relaxation techniques - get an app called headspace, and youtube mindfulness meditation and 4-7-8 breathing

My son is a similar age to you and is pretty much the same. My guess is it's quite natural to have disturbed sleep at this age. I did buy him a new mattress recently, which appears to have helped somewhat, however. 

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As for my sleep, it seems to be mostly normal now.

Thing is, I wake up after 6 hours of sleep, feeling like I kind of want to go back to sleep. If I do, I only sleep for 0.5-1 hours (and when I wake up then, I still want to sleep), and have vivid dreams that I can mostly remember after waking up again. Right now, I'm sleeping as much as I can, but I'm wondering if I should just get up and do things after 6 hours.

I haven't tried getting up after only 6 hours, but I know that if I sleep more than 8.5 or so, I'll feel groggy and terrible the entire day. 7.5 seems to be the sweet spot, though I usually succumb to my brain's want for more sleep, though it never really helps.

Also, up to now, nothing has really improved except my sleep (which I guess is something pretty major). Brain fog is still just as bad as it was a month and a half ago, and I'm still tired all the time. I think it's probably just teenage stuff, especially as I can recognise mood swings happening (I'll feel pretty OK for a few hours, then pretty depressed, hopeless, and apathetic the next few). Either way, a long term nutritional deficiency of iron and/or potassium could also exist (I'm not sure, but I've been tracking my diet for the last few days, and I've consistently gotten less iron and potassium than I should be getting (I started eating iron-rich cereal yesterday, which puts at slightly over the RDA now). Anyway, is 1.5 months of no change normal? Also, I've grown quite a bit in the last year, so that's a thing that exists.

Just remembered that this thread existed, decided to give an update.

Symptoms that were already present:

Fatigue: about the same, if not slightly worse

Brain Fog: about the same, if not slightly worse

Health Worries: currently worrying about a serious colon problem because of some stuff I will elaborate on below

Loss of Appetite: worse in the last few days, probably because increased health worries, a bad choice to add too much fiber, and a bloated and full feeling.

New symptoms:

A feeling that I need to go to the bathroom constantly:

 - Quite noticeable, not sure why I have it. One of the main reasons for worrying about colon cancer, the other being my fatigue.

 - Had it for around a week now, before it was just the urge to expel non-existent stool after eating dinner

Changes in bowel habits:

 - Poop way more often

 - Probably because of:

  - Anxiety/stress

  - A recent change in adding too much fiber too fast (more on this later too) (~12 g in 2 days, ~6 g at a time)

Some weird red stuff in my stool:

 - Both times I pooped today I found some weird reddish things in my poop. They don't seem like blood, as my mom took a bit and we prodded around it with a stick, and it was like tomato flesh or grapefruit druplet skin or something.

 - Not sure if this was happening before, pretty sure it wasn't.

Random abdominal cramps/fullness:

 - Side note: I used to get cramps around the rectum when I was little (the earliest I remember is Grade 5) along with an urge to poop. I can resist it, but it tells me I should probably go as soon as possible.

 - I've been getting those as well, but not as often.

 - I now sometimes get random sudden cramps in the areas where my colon should be that disappear after a few minutes at most.

  - As I type this, I feel like there's something in my descending colon. It kind of feels like there's something in it. It isn't painful, it's just there and has been for around 45 minutes now.

 - When I poop, around half the time I get a tiny amount of mucus on the ends of some of the stool

Bloated feeling:

 - This is pretty constant, and it's not too strong. It kind of makes me feel like I need to expel gas, but I generally pass normal amounts (I think)

Constant irritated throat:

 - Sometimes, I'll just get an irritated itchy throat for an hour or two, but this one's lasted 5 days. A lymph node under my chin has been fluctuating in size lately, so it could be an infection that is being dealt with, but I'm not sure.

 - This also makes me worry that the "cancer" has metastasized into my lungs and is causing a constant cough.