nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
Last updated 19 Jul 2023
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The NNT gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. This enzyme is found embedded in the inner membrane of structures called mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers of cells. This enzyme helps produce a substance called NADPH, which is involved in removing potentially toxic molecules called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase is found throughout the body, but it is particularly abundant in the hormone-producing adrenal and thyroid glands, heart, kidneys, and fatty tissue.
Normal function
The NNT gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. This enzyme is found embedded in the inner membrane of structures called mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers of cells. This enzyme helps produce a substance called NADPH, which is involved in removing potentially toxic molecules called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase is found throughout the body, but it is particularly abundant in the hormone-producing adrenal and thyroid glands, heart, kidneys, and fatty tissue.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
energy-linked transhydrogenase
GCCD4
NAD(P) transhydrogenase
NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial
NADP transhydrogenase
NADPH transferase
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate + transhydrogenase
NNTM_HUMAN
pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Polymorphic light eruption
Cream containing sunscreen plus antioxidants (alpha-glucosylrutin and vitamin E). Tablets containing carotenoids such as beta-carotene. Vitamin supplements (vitamin E or nicotinamide). Cream containing a form of vitamin D. A note about vitamin D If your PMLE makes you avoid sunlight to a large extent, you may be at risk of vitamin D deficiency..
Medicine leaflet
Nicotinamide gel for acne
If your skin becomes irritated or dry, apply the gel less often until your skin recovers. About nicotinamide gel Type of medicine A topical vitamin B 3 preparation Used for Acne Also called Niacinamide (in US); Freederm® Available as Gel Acne is the common cause of spots. Most people with acne are aged between 12 and 25, but some older and younger.
Further reading and references
- nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Meimaridou E, Hughes CR, Kowalczyk J, Guasti L, Chapple JP, King PJ, Chan LF, Clark AJ, Metherell LA. Familial glucocorticoid deficiency: New genes and mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013 May 22;371(1-2):195-200. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.010. Epub 2012 Dec 29.
- Meimaridou E, Kowalczyk J, Guasti L, Hughes CR, Wagner F, Frommolt P, Nurnberg P, Mann NP, Banerjee R, Saka HN, Chapple JP, King PJ, Clark AJ, Metherell LA. Mutations in NNT encoding nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase cause familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Nat Genet. 2012 May 27;44(7):740-2. doi: 10.1038/ng.2299.
- Prasad R, Kowalczyk JC, Meimaridou E, Storr HL, Metherell LA. Oxidative stress and adrenocortical insufficiency. J Endocrinol. 2014 Jun;221(3):R63-73. doi: 10.1530/JOE-13-0346. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
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