Camurati-Engelmann disease
Last updated 17 Sept 2024
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Camurati-Engelmann disease is a skeletal condition that is characterised by abnormally thick bones (hyperostosis) in the arms, legs, and skull.
Description
Camurati-Engelmann disease is a skeletal condition that is characterised by abnormally thick bones (hyperostosis) in the arms, legs, and skull.
The thick limb bones can lead to bone pain and muscle weakness in the arms and legs and cause individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease to tire quickly. Bone pain ranges from mild to severe and can increase with stress, activity, or cold weather. Leg weakness can make it difficult to stand up from a seated position and some affected individuals develop a waddling or unsteady walk. Additional limb abnormalities include joint deformities (contractures), knock knees, and flat feet (pes planus). Swelling and redness (erythema) of the limbs and an abnormal curvature of the spine can also occur.
Individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease may have an unusually thick skull, which can lead to an abnormally large head (macrocephaly) and lower jaw (mandible), a prominent forehead (frontal bossing), and bulging eyes with shallow eye sockets (ocular proptosis). These changes to the head and face become more prominent with age and are most noticeable in affected adults. In about a quarter of individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease, the thickened skull increases pressure on the brain or compresses the spinal cord, which can cause a variety of neurological problems, including headaches, hearing loss, vision problems, dizziness (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and facial paralysis.
The degree of hyperostosis varies among individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease as does the age at which they experience their first symptoms.
Other, rare features of Camurati-Engelmann disease include abnormally long limbs in proportion to height, a decrease in muscle mass and body fat, delayed teething (dentition), frequent cavities, delayed puberty, a shortage of red blood cells (anaemia), an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), thinning of the skin, and excessively sweaty (hyperhidrotic) hands and feet.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Camurati-Engelmann syndrome
CED
Diaphyseal dysplasia
Diaphyseal hyperostosis
Diaphyseal osteosclerosis
Engelmann disease
PDD
Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia
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Further reading and references
- Camurati-Engelmann disease; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Carlson ML, Beatty CW, Neff BA, Link MJ, Driscoll CL. Skull base manifestations of Camurati-Engelmann disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Jun;136(6):566-75. doi: 10.1001/archoto.2010.68.
- Janssens K, ten Dijke P, Ralston SH, Bergmann C, Van Hul W. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 mutations in Camurati-Engelmann disease lead to increased signaling by altering either activation or secretion of the mutant protein. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 28;278(9):7718-24. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M208857200. Epub 2002 Dec 18.
- Janssens K, Vanhoenacker F, Bonduelle M, Verbruggen L, Van Maldergem L, Ralston S, Guanabens N, Migone N, Wientroub S, Divizia MT, Bergmann C, Bennett C, Simsek S, Melancon S, Cundy T, Van Hul W. Camurati-Engelmann disease: review of the clinical, radiological, and molecular data of 24 families and implications for diagnosis and treatment. J Med Genet. 2006 Jan;43(1):1-11. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2005.033522. Epub 2005 May 13.
- Wallace SE, Lachman RS, Mekikian PB, Bui KK, Wilcox WR. Marked phenotypic variability in progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann disease): report of a four-generation pedigree, identification of a mutation in TGFB1, and review. Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Sep 1;129A(3):235-47. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30148.
- Yuldashev AJ, Shin CH, Kim YS, Jang WY, Park MS, Chae JH, Yoo WJ, Choi IH, Kim OH, Cho TJ. Orthopedic Manifestations of Type I Camurati-Engelmann Disease. Clin Orthop Surg. 2017 Mar;9(1):109-115. doi: 10.4055/cios.2017.9.1.109. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
- Zhao L, Hantash BM. TGF-beta1 regulates differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Vitam Horm. 2011;87:127-41. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386015-6.00042-1.
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