Familial porencephaly
Last updated 18 Aug 2020
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Familial porencephaly is part of a group of conditions called the COL4A1-related disorders. The conditions in this group have a range of signs and symptoms that involve fragile blood vessels. In familial porencephaly, fluid-filled cysts develop in the brain (porencephaly) during fetal development or soon after birth. These cysts typically occur in only one side of the brain and vary in size. The cysts are thought to be the result of bleeding within the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). People with this condition also have leukoencephalopathy, which is a change in a type of brain tissue called white matter that can be seen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Description
Familial porencephaly is part of a group of conditions called the COL4A1-related disorders. The conditions in this group have a range of signs and symptoms that involve fragile blood vessels. In familial porencephaly, fluid-filled cysts develop in the brain (porencephaly) during fetal development or soon after birth. These cysts typically occur in only one side of the brain and vary in size. The cysts are thought to be the result of bleeding within the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). People with this condition also have leukoencephalopathy, which is a change in a type of brain tissue called white matter that can be seen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
During infancy, people with familial porencephaly typically have paralysis affecting one side of the body (infantile hemiplegia). Affected individuals may also have recurrent seizures (epilepsy), migraine headaches, speech problems, intellectual disability, and uncontrolled muscle tensing (dystonia). Some people are severely affected, and others may have no symptoms related to the brain cysts.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Autosomal dominant porencephaly type 1
Infantile hemiplegia with porencephaly
Porencephaly type 1
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Further reading and references
- Familial porencephaly; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Breedveld G, de Coo IF, Lequin MH, Arts WF, Heutink P, Gould DB, John SW, Oostra B, Mancini GM. Novel mutations in three families confirm a major role of COL4A1 in hereditary porencephaly. J Med Genet. 2006 Jun;43(6):490-5. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2005.035584. Epub 2005 Aug 17.
- Meuwissen ME, de Vries LS, Verbeek HA, Lequin MH, Govaert PP, Schot R, Cowan FM, Hennekam R, Rizzu P, Verheijen FW, Wessels MW, Mancini GM. Sporadic COL4A1 mutations with extensive prenatal porencephaly resembling hydranencephaly. Neurology. 2011 Mar 1;76(9):844-6. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820e7751. No abstract available.
- Vahedi K, Alamowitch S. Clinical spectrum of type IV collagen (COL4A1) mutations: a novel genetic multisystem disease. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011 Feb;24(1):63-8. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834232c6.
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