SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability
Last updated 1 Mar 2023
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SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability is a neurological disorder characterised by moderate to severe intellectual disability that is evident in early childhood. The earliest features are typically delayed development of speech and motor skills, such as sitting, standing, and walking. Many people with this condition have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which contributes to the difficulty with motor skills. Some affected individuals lose skills they had already acquired (developmental regression). Other features of SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability include recurrent seizures (epilepsy), hyperactivity, and autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by impaired communication and social interaction; almost everyone with SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability develops epilepsy, and about half have autism spectrum disorder.
Description
SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability is a neurological disorder characterised by moderate to severe intellectual disability that is evident in early childhood. The earliest features are typically delayed development of speech and motor skills, such as sitting, standing, and walking. Many people with this condition have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which contributes to the difficulty with motor skills. Some affected individuals lose skills they had already acquired (developmental regression). Other features of SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability include recurrent seizures (epilepsy), hyperactivity, and autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by impaired communication and social interaction; almost everyone with SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability develops epilepsy, and about half have autism spectrum disorder.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 5
MRD5
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Further reading and references
- SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Aceti M, Creson TK, Vaissiere T, Rojas C, Huang WC, Wang YX, Petralia RS, Page DT, Miller CA, Rumbaugh G. Syngap1 haploinsufficiency damages a postnatal critical period of pyramidal cell structural maturation linked to cortical circuit assembly. Biol Psychiatry. 2015 May 1;77(9):805-15. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
- Clement JP, Aceti M, Creson TK, Ozkan ED, Shi Y, Reish NJ, Almonte AG, Miller BH, Wiltgen BJ, Miller CA, Xu X, Rumbaugh G. Pathogenic SYNGAP1 mutations impair cognitive development by disrupting maturation of dendritic spine synapses. Cell. 2012 Nov 9;151(4):709-723. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.045.
- Clement JP, Ozkan ED, Aceti M, Miller CA, Rumbaugh G. SYNGAP1 links the maturation rate of excitatory synapses to the duration of critical-period synaptic plasticity. J Neurosci. 2013 Jun 19;33(25):10447-52. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0765-13.2013.
- Mignot C, von Stulpnagel C, Nava C, Ville D, Sanlaville D, Lesca G, Rastetter A, Gachet B, Marie Y, Korenke GC, Borggraefe I, Hoffmann-Zacharska D, Szczepanik E, Rudzka-Dybala M, Yis U, Caglayan H, Isapof A, Marey I, Panagiotakaki E, Korff C, Rossier E, Riess A, Beck-Woedl S, Rauch A, Zweier C, Hoyer J, Reis A, Mironov M, Bobylova M, Mukhin K, Hernandez-Hernandez L, Maher B, Sisodiya S, Kuhn M, Glaeser D, Weckhuysen S, Myers CT, Mefford HC, Hortnagel K, Biskup S; EuroEPINOMICS-RES MAE working group; Lemke JR, Heron D, Kluger G, Depienne C. Genetic and neurodevelopmental spectrum of SYNGAP1-associated intellectual disability and epilepsy. J Med Genet. 2016 Aug;53(8):511-22. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103451. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
- Ozkan ED, Creson TK, Kramar EA, Rojas C, Seese RR, Babyan AH, Shi Y, Lucero R, Xu X, Noebels JL, Miller CA, Lynch G, Rumbaugh G. Reduced cognition in Syngap1 mutants is caused by isolated damage within developing forebrain excitatory neurons. Neuron. 2014 Jun 18;82(6):1317-33. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.015.
- Parker MJ, Fryer AE, Shears DJ, Lachlan KL, McKee SA, Magee AC, Mohammed S, Vasudevan PC, Park SM, Benoit V, Lederer D, Maystadt I, Study D, FitzPatrick DR. De novo, heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in SYNGAP1 cause a syndromic form of intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A. 2015 Oct;167A(10):2231-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37189. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
- Wang CC, Held RG, Hall BJ. SynGAP regulates protein synthesis and homeostatic synaptic plasticity in developing cortical networks. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 31;8(12):e83941. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083941. eCollection 2013.
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