Weaver syndrome
Last updated 18 Aug 2020
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Weaver syndrome is a condition that involves tall stature with or without a large head size (macrocephaly), a variable degree of intellectual disability (usually mild), and characteristic facial features. These features can include a broad forehead; widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism); large, low-set ears; a dimpled chin, and a small lower jaw (micrognathia).
Description
Weaver syndrome is a condition that involves tall stature with or without a large head size (macrocephaly), a variable degree of intellectual disability (usually mild), and characteristic facial features. These features can include a broad forehead; widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism); large, low-set ears; a dimpled chin, and a small lower jaw (micrognathia).
People with Weaver syndrome can also have joint deformities called contractures that restrict the movement of affected joints. The contractures may particularly affect the fingers and toes, resulting in permanently bent digits (camptodactyly). Other features of this disorder can include abnormal curvature of the spine (kyphoscoliosis); muscle tone that is either reduced (hypotonia) or increased (hypertonia); loose, saggy skin; and a soft-outpouching around the belly-button (umbilical hernia). Some affected individuals have abnormalities in the folds (gyri) of the brain, which can be seen by medical imaging; the relationship between these brain abnormalities and the intellectual disability associated with Weaver syndrome is unclear.
Researchers suggest that people with Weaver syndrome may have an increased risk of developing cancer, in particular a slightly increased risk of developing a tumour called neuroblastoma in early childhood, but the small number of affected individuals makes it difficult to determine the exact risk.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Camptodactyly-overgrowth-unusual facies
Weaver-Smith syndrome
WSS
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Further reading and references
- Weaver syndrome; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Al-Salem A, Alshammari MJ, Hassan H, Alazami AM, Alkuraya FS. Weaver syndrome and defective cortical development: a rare association. Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Jan;161A(1):225-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35660. Epub 2012 Dec 13. No abstract available.
- Coulter D, Powell CM, Gold S. Weaver syndrome and neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2008 Oct;30(10):758-60. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181758974.
- Crea F. Histone code, human growth and cancer. Oncotarget. 2012 Jan;3(1):1-2. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.435.
- Cross NC. Histone modification defects in developmental disorders and cancer. Oncotarget. 2012 Jan;3(1):3-4. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.436.
- Gibson WT, Hood RL, Zhan SH, Bulman DE, Fejes AP, Moore R, Mungall AJ, Eydoux P, Babul-Hirji R, An J, Marra MA; FORGE Canada Consortium; Chitayat D, Boycott KM, Weaver DD, Jones SJ. Mutations in EZH2 cause Weaver syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Jan 13;90(1):110-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.018. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
- Neylon OM, Werther GA, Sabin MA. Overgrowth syndromes. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012 Aug;24(4):505-11. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283558995.
- Tatton-Brown K, Hanks S, Ruark E, Zachariou A, Duarte Sdel V, Ramsay E, Snape K, Murray A, Perdeaux ER, Seal S, Loveday C, Banka S, Clericuzio C, Flinter F, Magee A, McConnell V, Patton M, Raith W, Rankin J, Splitt M, Strenger V, Taylor C, Wheeler P, Temple KI, Cole T; Childhood Overgrowth Collaboration; Douglas J, Rahman N. Germline mutations in the oncogene EZH2 cause Weaver syndrome and increased human height. Oncotarget. 2011 Dec;2(12):1127-33. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.385.
- Tatton-Brown K, Murray A, Hanks S, Douglas J, Armstrong R, Banka S, Bird LM, Clericuzio CL, Cormier-Daire V, Cushing T, Flinter F, Jacquemont ML, Joss S, Kinning E, Lynch SA, Magee A, McConnell V, Medeira A, Ozono K, Patton M, Rankin J, Shears D, Simon M, Splitt M, Strenger V, Stuurman K, Taylor C, Titheradge H, Van Maldergem L, Temple IK, Cole T, Seal S; Childhood Overgrowth Consortium; Rahman N. Weaver syndrome and EZH2 mutations: Clarifying the clinical phenotype. Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Dec;161A(12):2972-80. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36229. Epub 2013 Nov 8.
- Tatton-Brown K, Rahman N. The NSD1 and EZH2 overgrowth genes, similarities and differences. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2013 May;163C(2):86-91. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31359. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
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