actin gamma 2, smooth muscle
Last updated 5 Jul 2022
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The ACTG2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called gamma (γ)-2 actin, which is part of the actin protein family. Actin proteins are organized into filaments, which are important for the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction) and cell movement. These filaments also help maintain the cytoskeleton, which is the structural framework that determines cell shape and organizes cell contents.
Normal function
The ACTG2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called gamma (γ)-2 actin, which is part of the actin protein family. Actin proteins are organized into filaments, which are important for the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction) and cell movement. These filaments also help maintain the cytoskeleton, which is the structural framework that determines cell shape and organizes cell contents.
The γ-2 actin protein is found in smooth muscle cells of the urinary and intestinal tracts. Smooth muscles line the internal organs; they contract and relax without being consciously controlled. The γ-2 actin protein is necessary for contraction of the smooth muscles in the bladder and intestines. These contractions empty urine from the bladder and move food through the intestines as part of the digestive process.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
ACT
ACTA3
ACTE
actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoform 1 precursor
actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoform 2 precursor
actin-like protein
ACTL3
ACTSG
alpha-actin-3
VSCM
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Further reading and references
- actin gamma 2, smooth muscle; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Halim D, Hofstra RM, Signorile L, Verdijk RM, van der Werf CS, Sribudiani Y, Brouwer RW, van IJcken WF, Dahl N, Verheij JB, Baumann C, Kerner J, van Bever Y, Galjart N, Wijnen RM, Tibboel D, Burns AJ, Muller F, Brooks AS, Alves MM. ACTG2 variants impair actin polymerization in sporadic Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2016 Feb 1;25(3):571-83. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv497. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
- Lehtonen HJ, Sipponen T, Tojkander S, Karikoski R, Jarvinen H, Laing NG, Lappalainen P, Aaltonen LA, Tuupanen S. Segregation of a missense variant in enteric smooth muscle actin gamma-2 with autosomal dominant familial visceral myopathy. Gastroenterology. 2012 Dec;143(6):1482-1491.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.08.045. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
- Matera I, Rusmini M, Guo Y, Lerone M, Li J, Zhang J, Di Duca M, Nozza P, Mosconi M, Pini Prato A, Martucciello G, Barabino A, Morandi F, De Giorgio R, Stanghellini V, Ravazzolo R, Devoto M, Hakonarson H, Ceccherini I. Variants of the ACTG2 gene correlate with degree of severity and presence of megacystis in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Eur J Hum Genet. 2016 Aug;24(8):1211-5. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.275. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
- Thorson W, Diaz-Horta O, Foster J 2nd, Spiliopoulos M, Quintero R, Farooq A, Blanton S, Tekin M. De novo ACTG2 mutations cause congenital distended bladder, microcolon, and intestinal hypoperistalsis. Hum Genet. 2014 Jun;133(6):737-42. doi: 10.1007/s00439-013-1406-0. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
- Wangler MF, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Gambin T, Penney S, Moss T, Chopra A, Probst FJ, Xia F, Yang Y, Werlin S, Eglite I, Kornejeva L, Bacino CA, Baldridge D, Neul J, Lehman EL, Larson A, Beuten J, Muzny DM, Jhangiani S; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics; Gibbs RA, Lupski JR, Beaudet A. Heterozygous de novo and inherited mutations in the smooth muscle actin (ACTG2) gene underlie megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. PLoS Genet. 2014 Mar 27;10(3):e1004258. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004258. eCollection 2014 Mar.
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