desmoglein 4
Last updated 10 Apr 2023
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The DSG4 gene provides instructions for making a protein called desmoglein 4 (DSG4). This protein is found in specialized structures called desmosomes that are located in the membrane surrounding certain cells. Desmosomes help attach cells to one another and play a role in communication between cells. The DSG4 protein is found in cells in certain regions of hair follicles, including the inner compartment of the hair strand (shaft) known as the cortex. Hair growth occurs at the hair follicle when cells divide and the hair shaft is pushed upward and extends beyond the skin.
Normal function
The DSG4 gene provides instructions for making a protein called desmoglein 4 (DSG4). This protein is found in specialized structures called desmosomes that are located in the membrane surrounding certain cells. Desmosomes help attach cells to one another and play a role in communication between cells. The DSG4 protein is found in cells in certain regions of hair follicles, including the inner compartment of the hair strand (shaft) known as the cortex. Hair growth occurs at the hair follicle when cells divide and the hair shaft is pushed upward and extends beyond the skin.
Desmosomes provide strength to the hair and are involved in signaling between neighboring cells within the hair shaft. The DSG4 protein may play a role in communicating the signals for cells to mature (differentiate) and form the hair shaft. In addition, the DSG4 protein is found in the upper layers of the skin where it provides strength and communicates signals for the skin cells to mature.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
cadherin family member 13
CDGF13
CDH family member 13
CDHF13
desmoglein-4
DSG4_HUMAN
LAH
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Further reading and references
- desmoglein 4; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Bazzi H, Getz A, Mahoney MG, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Langbein L, Wahl JK 3rd, Christiano AM. Desmoglein 4 is expressed in highly differentiated keratinocytes and trichocytes in human epidermis and hair follicle. Differentiation. 2006 Mar;74(2-3):129-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00061.x.
- Farooq M, Ito M, Naito M, Shimomura Y. A case of monilethrix caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations in the desmoglein 4 (DSG4) gene. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Aug;165(2):425-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10373.x. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
- John P, Tariq M, Arshad Rafiq M, Amin-Ud-Din M, Muhammad D, Waheed I, Ansar M, Ahmad W. Recurrent intragenic deletion mutation in desmoglein 4 gene underlies autosomal recessive hypotrichosis in two Pakistani families of Balochi and Sindhi origins. Arch Dermatol Res. 2006 Aug;298(3):135-7. doi: 10.1007/s00403-006-0671-3. Epub 2006 Jun 13.
- Kljuic A, Bazzi H, Sundberg JP, Martinez-Mir A, O'Shaughnessy R, Mahoney MG, Levy M, Montagutelli X, Ahmad W, Aita VM, Gordon D, Uitto J, Whiting D, Ott J, Fischer S, Gilliam TC, Jahoda CA, Morris RJ, Panteleyev AA, Nguyen VT, Christiano AM. Desmoglein 4 in hair follicle differentiation and epidermal adhesion: evidence from inherited hypotrichosis and acquired pemphigus vulgaris. Cell. 2003 Apr 18;113(2):249-60. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00273-3.
- Messenger AG, Bazzi H, Parslew R, Shapiro L, Christiano AM. A missense mutation in the cadherin interaction site of the desmoglein 4 gene underlies localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Nov;125(5):1077-9. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23903.x. No abstract available.
- Rafiq MA, Ansar M, Mahmood S, Haque S, Faiyaz-ul-Haque M, Leal SM, Ahmad W. A recurrent intragenic deletion mutation in DSG4 gene in three Pakistani families with autosomal recessive hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 Jul;123(1):247-8. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22715.x. No abstract available.
- Shimomura Y, Sakamoto F, Kariya N, Matsunaga K, Ito M. Mutations in the desmoglein 4 gene are associated with monilethrix-like congenital hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Jun;126(6):1281-5. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700113.
- Wajid M, Bazzi H, Rockey J, Lubetkin J, Zlotogorski A, Christiano AM. Localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis due to a frameshift mutation in the desmoglein 4 gene exhibits extensive phenotypic variability within a Pakistani family. J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Jul;127(7):1779-82. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700791. Epub 2007 Mar 29. No abstract available.
- Zlotogorski A, Marek D, Horev L, Abu A, Ben-Amitai D, Gerad L, Ingber A, Frydman M, Reznik-Wolf H, Vardy DA, Pras E. An autosomal recessive form of monilethrix is caused by mutations in DSG4: clinical overlap with localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Jun;126(6):1292-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700251.
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