glutamyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial
Last updated 18 Aug 2020
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The EARS2 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. This enzyme is important in the production (synthesis) of proteins in cellular structures called mitochondria, the energy-producing centers in cells. While most protein synthesis occurs in the fluid surrounding the cell nucleus (cytoplasm), some proteins are synthesized in the mitochondria.
Normal function
The EARS2 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. This enzyme is important in the production (synthesis) of proteins in cellular structures called mitochondria, the energy-producing centers in cells. While most protein synthesis occurs in the fluid surrounding the cell nucleus (cytoplasm), some proteins are synthesized in the mitochondria.
During protein synthesis, in either the mitochondria or the cytoplasm, a type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) helps assemble protein building blocks called amino acids into a chain that forms the protein. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid to the growing chain. Enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, including mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, attach a particular amino acid to a specific tRNA. Mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA synthetase attaches the amino acid glutamate to the correct tRNA, which helps ensure that glutamate is added at the proper place in the mitochondrial protein.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
COXPD12
gluRS
glutamate tRNA ligase 2, mitochondrial
glutamate--tRNA ligase
KIAA1970
MSE1
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Further reading and references
- glutamyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Biancheri R, Lamantea E, Severino M, Diodato D, Pedemonte M, Cassandrini D, Ploederl A, Trucco F, Fiorillo C, Minetti C, Santorelli FM, Zeviani M, Bruno C. Expanding the Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of Leukoencephalopathy with Thalamus and Brainstem Involvement and High Lactate (LTBL) in a Patient Harboring a Novel EARS2 Mutation. JIMD Rep. 2015;23:85-9. doi: 10.1007/8904_2015_434. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
- Danhauser K, Haack TB, Alhaddad B, Melcher M, Seibt A, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Klee D, Mayatepek E, Prokisch H, Distelmaier F. EARS2 mutations cause fatal neonatal lactic acidosis, recurrent hypoglycemia and agenesis of corpus callosum. Metab Brain Dis. 2016 Jun;31(3):717-21. doi: 10.1007/s11011-016-9793-2. Epub 2016 Jan 16.
- Kevelam SH, Klouwer FC, Fock JM, Salomons GS, Bugiani M, van der Knaap MS. Absent Thalami Caused by a Homozygous EARS2 Mutation: Expanding Disease Spectrum of LTBL. Neuropediatrics. 2016 Jan;47(1):64-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1568987. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
- Steenweg ME, Ghezzi D, Haack T, Abbink TE, Martinelli D, van Berkel CG, Bley A, Diogo L, Grillo E, Te Water Naude J, Strom TM, Bertini E, Prokisch H, van der Knaap MS, Zeviani M. Leukoencephalopathy with thalamus and brainstem involvement and high lactate 'LTBL' caused by EARS2 mutations. Brain. 2012 May;135(Pt 5):1387-94. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws070. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
- Taskin BD, Karalok ZS, Gurkas E, Aydin K, Aydogmus U, Ceylaner S, Karaer K, Yilmaz C, Pearl PL. Early-Onset Mild Type Leukoencephalopathy Caused by a Homozygous EARS2 Mutation. J Child Neurol. 2016 Jun;31(7):938-41. doi: 10.1177/0883073816630087. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
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