mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5
Last updated 18 Apr 2023
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The MT-ND5 gene provides instructions for making a protein called NADH dehydrogenase 5. This protein is part of a large enzyme complex known as complex I, which is active in mitochondria. Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. These cellular structures produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation, which uses oxygen and simple sugars to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy source.
Normal function
The MT-ND5 gene provides instructions for making a protein called NADH dehydrogenase 5. This protein is part of a large enzyme complex known as complex I, which is active in mitochondria. Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. These cellular structures produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation, which uses oxygen and simple sugars to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy source.
Complex I is one of several enzyme complexes necessary for oxidative phosphorylation. Within mitochondria, these complexes are embedded in a tightly folded, specialized membrane called the inner mitochondrial membrane. During oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial enzyme complexes carry out chemical reactions that drive the production of ATP. Specifically, they create an unequal electrical charge on either side of the inner mitochondrial membrane through a step-by-step transfer of negatively charged particles called electrons. This difference in electrical charge provides the energy for ATP production.
Complex I is responsible for the first step in the electron transport process, the transfer of electrons from a molecule called NADH to another molecule called ubiquinone. Electrons are then passed from ubiquinone through several other enzyme complexes to provide energy for the generation of ATP.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5
MTND5
NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit ND5
NADH5
ND5
NU5M_HUMAN
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Further reading and references
- mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Chol M, Lebon S, Benit P, Chretien D, de Lonlay P, Goldenberg A, Odent S, Hertz-Pannier L, Vincent-Delorme C, Cormier-Daire V, Rustin P, Rotig A, Munnich A. The mitochondrial DNA G13513A MELAS mutation in the NADH dehydrogenase 5 gene is a frequent cause of Leigh-like syndrome with isolated complex I deficiency. J Med Genet. 2003 Mar;40(3):188-91. doi: 10.1136/jmg.40.3.188.
- Corona P, Antozzi C, Carrara F, D'Incerti L, Lamantea E, Tiranti V, Zeviani M. A novel mtDNA mutation in the ND5 subunit of complex I in two MELAS patients. Ann Neurol. 2001 Jan;49(1):106-10. doi: 10.1002/1531-8249(200101)49:13.0.co;2-t.
- Crimi M, Galbiati S, Moroni I, Bordoni A, Perini MP, Lamantea E, Sciacco M, Zeviani M, Biunno I, Moggio M, Scarlato G, Comi GP. A missense mutation in the mitochondrial ND5 gene associated with a Leigh-MELAS overlap syndrome. Neurology. 2003 Jun 10;60(11):1857-61. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000066048.72780.69.
- Kirby DM, Boneh A, Chow CW, Ohtake A, Ryan MT, Thyagarajan D, Thorburn DR. Low mutant load of mitochondrial DNA G13513A mutation can cause Leigh's disease. Ann Neurol. 2003 Oct;54(4):473-8. doi: 10.1002/ana.10687.
- Liolitsa D, Rahman S, Benton S, Carr LJ, Hanna MG. Is the mitochondrial complex I ND5 gene a hot-spot for MELAS causing mutations? Ann Neurol. 2003 Jan;53(1):128-32. doi: 10.1002/ana.10435.
- Mitchell AL, Elson JL, Howell N, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Sequence variation in mitochondrial complex I genes: mutation or polymorphism? J Med Genet. 2006 Feb;43(2):175-9. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2005.032474. Epub 2005 Jun 21.
- Pulkes T, Eunson L, Patterson V, Siddiqui A, Wood NW, Nelson IP, Morgan-Hughes JA, Hanna MG. The mitochondrial DNA G13513A transition in ND5 is associated with a LHON/MELAS overlap syndrome and may be a frequent cause of MELAS. Ann Neurol. 1999 Dec;46(6):916-9. doi: 10.1002/1531-8249(199912)46:63.0.co;2-r.
- Santorelli FM, Tanji K, Kulikova R, Shanske S, Vilarinho L, Hays AP, DiMauro S. Identification of a novel mutation in the mtDNA ND5 gene associated with MELAS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Sep 18;238(2):326-8. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7167.
- Sudo A, Honzawa S, Nonaka I, Goto YI. Leigh syndrome caused by mitochondrial DNA G13513A mutation: frequency and clinical features in Japan. J Hum Genet. 2004;49(2):92-96. doi: 10.1007/s10038-003-0116-1. Epub 2004 Jan 17.
- Valentino ML, Barboni P, Rengo C, Achilli A, Torroni A, Lodi R, Tonon C, Barbiroli B, Fortuna F, Montagna P, Baruzzi A, Carelli V. The 13042G --> A/ND5 mutation in mtDNA is pathogenic and can be associated also with a prevalent ocular phenotype. J Med Genet. 2006 Jul;43(7):e38. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2005.037507.
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