Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia
Last updated 21 Mar 2023
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Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia is a disorder that affects the bones. People with this condition have reduced bone mineral density (osteopenia), which causes the bones to be unusually fragile. As a result, affected individuals typically experience multiple bone fractures in childhood, often from mild trauma or with no apparent cause.
Description
Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia is a disorder that affects the bones. People with this condition have reduced bone mineral density (osteopenia), which causes the bones to be unusually fragile. As a result, affected individuals typically experience multiple bone fractures in childhood, often from mild trauma or with no apparent cause.
While most bone tissue is less dense than normal in gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia, the outer layer (cortex) of the shafts of the long bones in the arms and legs is abnormally hard and thick (diaphyseal sclerosis). Bowing of the long bones also occurs in this disorder.
Jaw problems are common in gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia; the prefix "gnatho-" in the condition name refers to the jaw. Affected individuals may develop bone infections (osteomyelitis) in the jaw, which can lead to pain, swelling, discharge of pus from the gums, loose teeth, and slow healing after teeth are lost or extracted. Areas of the jawbone may lose the protective coverage of the gums, which can result in deterioration of the exposed bone (osteonecrosis of the jaw). Also, normal bone in areas of the jaw may be replaced by fibrous tissue and a hard material called cementum, which normally surrounds the roots of teeth and anchors them in the jaw. These areas of abnormal bone, called cementoosseous lesions, may be present at birth or develop later in life.
When gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia was first described, it was thought to be a variation of another bone disorder called osteogenesis imperfecta, which is also characterised by frequent bone fractures. However, gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia is now generally considered to be a separate condition. Unlike in osteogenesis imperfecta, the fractures in gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia heal normally without causing deformity or loss of height.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
GDD
Gnathodiaphyseal sclerosis
Levin syndrome 2
Osteogenesis imperfecta with unusual skeletal lesions
Osteogenesis imperfecta, Levin type
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This is done to ensure that your baby does not have an enlarged liver or spleen or have any abnormal swell... Checking your baby's skin for birthmarks and rashes, as well as colour and texture. Examination of your baby's hips. This is a test to exclude developmental dysplasia of the hip , which is problem with the way that the hip joint develops..
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Further reading and references
- Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Ahluwalia J, Ly JQ, Norman E, Costello RF Jr, Beall DP. Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia. Clin Imaging. 2007 Jan-Feb;31(1):67-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2006.07.003.
- Herman TE, Siegel MJ, Sargar K. Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia. J Perinatol. 2014 May;34(5):412-4. doi: 10.1038/jp.2013.178. No abstract available.
- Marconi C, Brunamonti Binello P, Badiali G, Caci E, Cusano R, Garibaldi J, Pippucci T, Merlini A, Marchetti C, Rhoden KJ, Galietta LJ, Lalatta F, Balbi P, Seri M. A novel missense mutation in ANO5/TMEM16E is causative for gnathodiaphyseal dyplasia in a large Italian pedigree. Eur J Hum Genet. 2013 Jun;21(6):613-9. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.224. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
- Riminucci M, Collins MT, Corsi A, Boyde A, Murphey MD, Wientroub S, Kuznetsov SA, Cherman N, Robey PG, Bianco P. Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia: a syndrome of fibro-osseous lesions of jawbones, bone fragility, and long bone bowing. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Sep;16(9):1710-8. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.9.1710.
- Tsutsumi S, Kamata N, Vokes TJ, Maruoka Y, Nakakuki K, Enomoto S, Omura K, Amagasa T, Nagayama M, Saito-Ohara F, Inazawa J, Moritani M, Yamaoka T, Inoue H, Itakura M. The novel gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein is mutated in gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD). Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Jun;74(6):1255-61. doi: 10.1086/421527. Epub 2004 Apr 29.
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