collagen type XI alpha 2 chain
Last updated 23 Aug 2024
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The COL11A2 gene provides instructions for making a component of type XI collagen called the pro-alpha2(XI) chain. Collagens are molecules that provide structure and strength to the connective tissues that support the body's muscles, joints, organs, and skin. Type XI collagen is normally found in cartilage, a tough but flexible tissue that makes up much of the skeleton during early development. Most cartilage is later converted to bone, except for the cartilage that continues to cover and protect the ends of bones and is present in the nose and external ears. Type XI collagen made with the pro-alpha2(XI) chain is also part of the inner ear and the nucleus pulposus, which is the center portion of the discs between the bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Normal function
The COL11A2 gene provides instructions for making a component of type XI collagen called the pro-alpha2(XI) chain. Collagens are molecules that provide structure and strength to the connective tissues that support the body's muscles, joints, organs, and skin. Type XI collagen is normally found in cartilage, a tough but flexible tissue that makes up much of the skeleton during early development. Most cartilage is later converted to bone, except for the cartilage that continues to cover and protect the ends of bones and is present in the nose and external ears. Type XI collagen made with the pro-alpha2(XI) chain is also part of the inner ear and the nucleus pulposus, which is the center portion of the discs between the bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Collagens begin as rope-like procollagen molecules that are each made up of three chains. The pro-alpha2(XI) chain combines with two other collagen chains, pro-alpha1(XI) and pro-alpha1(II), to form a triple-stranded procollagen molecule. Then the ropelike procollagen is processed by enzymes to create mature collagen. Mature collagen molecules arrange themselves into long, thin fibrils that form stable interactions (cross-links) with one another in the spaces between cells (the extracellular matrix). The cross-links result in the formation of very strong type XI collagen fibers.
Type XI collagen also helps maintain the spacing and width (diameter) of another type of collagen molecule, type II collagen. Type II collagen is an important component of mature cartilage. The arrangement and size of type II collagen fibrils is essential for the normal structure of these tissues.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
collagen type XI alpha 2
collagen, type XI, alpha 2
HKE5
PARP
STL3
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Further reading and references
- collagen type XI alpha 2 chain; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Chakchouk I, Grati M, Bademci G, Bensaid M, Ma Q, Chakroun A, Foster J 2nd, Yan D, Duman D, Diaz-Horta O, Ghorbel A, Mittal R, Farooq A, Tekin M, Masmoudi S, Liu XZ. Novel mutations confirm that COL11A2 is responsible for autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss DFNB53. Mol Genet Genomics. 2015 Aug;290(4):1327-34. doi: 10.1007/s00438-015-0995-9. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
- Chen W, Kahrizi K, Meyer NC, Riazalhosseini Y, Van Camp G, Najmabadi H, Smith RJ. Mutation of COL11A2 causes autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss at the DFNB53 locus. J Med Genet. 2005 Oct;42(10):e61. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2005.032615. Epub 2005 Jul 20.
- De Leenheer EM, Kunst HH, McGuirt WT, Prasad SD, Brown MR, Huygen PL, Smith RJ, Cremers CW. Autosomal dominant inherited hearing impairment caused by a missense mutation in COL11A2 (DFNA13). Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Jan;127(1):13-7. doi: 10.1001/archotol.127.1.13.
- Harel T, Rabinowitz R, Hendler N, Galil A, Flusser H, Chemke J, Gradstein L, Lifshitz T, Ofir R, Elbedour K, Birk OS. COL11A2 mutation associated with autosomal recessive Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome: molecular and clinical overlap with otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED). Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Jan 1;132A(1):33-5. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30371.
- Jakkula E, Melkoniemi M, Kiviranta I, Lohiniva J, Raina SS, Perala M, Warman ML, Ahonen K, Kroger H, Goring HH, Ala-Kokko L. The role of sequence variations within the genes encoding collagen II, IX and XI in non-syndromic, early-onset osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Jun;13(6):497-507. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.02.005.
- McGuirt WT, Prasad SD, Griffith AJ, Kunst HP, Green GE, Shpargel KB, Runge C, Huybrechts C, Mueller RF, Lynch E, King MC, Brunner HG, Cremers CW, Takanosu M, Li SW, Arita M, Mayne R, Prockop DJ, Van Camp G, Smith RJ. Mutations in COL11A2 cause non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNA13). Nat Genet. 1999 Dec;23(4):413-9. doi: 10.1038/70516.
- Melkoniemi M, Brunner HG, Manouvrier S, Hennekam R, Superti-Furga A, Kaariainen H, Pauli RM, van Essen T, Warman ML, Bonaventure J, Miny P, Ala-Kokko L. Autosomal recessive disorder otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the COL11A2 gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Feb;66(2):368-77. doi: 10.1086/302750.
- Pihlajamaa T, Prockop DJ, Faber J, Winterpacht A, Zabel B, Giedion A, Wiesbauer P, Spranger J, Ala-Kokko L. Heterozygous glycine substitution in the COL11A2 gene in the original patient with the Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome demonstrates its identity with heterozygous OSMED (nonocular Stickler syndrome). Am J Med Genet. 1998 Nov 2;80(2):115-20. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19981102)80:23.0.co;2-o.
- Ryder JJ, Garrison K, Song F, Hooper L, Skinner J, Loke Y, Loughlin J, Higgins JP, MacGregor AJ. Genetic associations in peripheral joint osteoarthritis and spinal degenerative disease: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 May;67(5):584-91. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.073874. Epub 2007 Aug 24.
- Tompson SW, Faqeih EA, Ala-Kokko L, Hecht JT, Miki R, Funari T, Funari VA, Nevarez L, Krakow D, Cohn DH. Dominant and recessive forms of fibrochondrogenesis resulting from mutations at a second locus, COL11A2. Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Feb;158A(2):309-14. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34406. Epub 2012 Jan 13.
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