fumarate hydratase
Last updated 18 Aug 2020
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The FH gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called fumarase (also known as fumarate hydratase). Fumarase participates in an important series of reactions known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle, which allows cells to use oxygen and generate energy. Specifically, fumarase helps convert a molecule called fumarate to a molecule called malate.
Normal function
The FH gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called fumarase (also known as fumarate hydratase). Fumarase participates in an important series of reactions known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle, which allows cells to use oxygen and generate energy. Specifically, fumarase helps convert a molecule called fumarate to a molecule called malate.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
fumarase
fumarase hydratase
FUMH_HUMAN
HLRCC
LRCC
MCL
MCUL1
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Further reading and references
- fumarate hydratase; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Alam NA, Rowan AJ, Wortham NC, Pollard PJ, Mitchell M, Tyrer JP, Barclay E, Calonje E, Manek S, Adams SJ, Bowers PW, Burrows NP, Charles-Holmes R, Cook LJ, Daly BM, Ford GP, Fuller LC, Hadfield-Jones SE, Hardwick N, Highet AS, Keefe M, MacDonald-Hull SP, Potts ED, Crone M, Wilkinson S, Camacho-Martinez F, Jablonska S, Ratnavel R, MacDonald A, Mann RJ, Grice K, Guillet G, Lewis-Jones MS, McGrath H, Seukeran DC, Morrison PJ, Fleming S, Rahman S, Kelsell D, Leigh I, Olpin S, Tomlinson IP. Genetic and functional analyses of FH mutations in multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cancer, and fumarate hydratase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Jun 1;12(11):1241-52. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddg148.
- Badeloe S, van Geel M, van Steensel MA, Bastida J, Ferrando J, Steijlen PM, Frank J, Poblete-Gutierrez P. Diffuse and segmental variants of cutaneous leiomyomatosis: novel mutations in the fumarate hydratase gene and review of the literature. Exp Dermatol. 2006 Sep;15(9):735-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00470.x.
- Bayley JP, Launonen V, Tomlinson IP. The FH mutation database: an online database of fumarate hydratase mutations involved in the MCUL (HLRCC) tumor syndrome and congenital fumarase deficiency. BMC Med Genet. 2008 Mar 25;9:20. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-20.
- Deschauer M, Gizatullina Z, Schulze A, Pritsch M, Knoppel C, Knape M, Zierz S, Gellerich FN. Molecular and biochemical investigations in fumarase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jun;88(2):146-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.01.007. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
- King A, Selak MA, Gottlieb E. Succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase: linking mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer. Oncogene. 2006 Aug 7;25(34):4675-82. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209594.
- Lehtonen HJ, Kiuru M, Ylisaukko-Oja SK, Salovaara R, Herva R, Koivisto PA, Vierimaa O, Aittomaki K, Pukkala E, Launonen V, Aaltonen LA. Increased risk of cancer in patients with fumarate hydratase germline mutation. J Med Genet. 2006 Jun;43(6):523-6. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2005.036400. Epub 2005 Sep 9.
- Lorenzato A, Olivero M, Perro M, Briere JJ, Rustin P, Di Renzo MF. A cancer-predisposing "hot spot" mutation of the fumarase gene creates a dominant negative protein. Int J Cancer. 2008 Feb 15;122(4):947-51. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23209.
- Ottolenghi C, Hubert L, Allanore Y, Brassier A, Altuzarra C, Mellot-Draznieks C, Bekri S, Goldenberg A, Veyrieres S, Boddaert N, Barbier V, Valayannopoulos V, Slama A, Chretien D, Ricquier D, Marret S, Frebourg T, Rabier D, Munnich A, de Keyzer Y, Toulhoat H, de Lonlay P. Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity associated with fumarase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2011 Sep;32(9):1046-52. doi: 10.1002/humu.21534. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
- Picaud S, Kavanagh KL, Yue WW, Lee WH, Muller-Knapp S, Gileadi O, Sacchettini J, Oppermann U. Structural basis of fumarate hydratase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Jun;34(3):671-6. doi: 10.1007/s10545-011-9294-8. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
- Raimundo N, Ahtinen J, Fumic K, Baric I, Remes AM, Renkonen R, Lapatto R, Suomalainen A. Differential metabolic consequences of fumarate hydratase and respiratory chain defects. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 May;1782(5):287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.01.008. Epub 2008 Feb 14.
- Ratcliffe PJ. Fumarate hydratase deficiency and cancer: activation of hypoxia signaling? Cancer Cell. 2007 Apr;11(4):303-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.03.015.
- Sudarshan S, Linehan WM, Neckers L. HIF and fumarate hydratase in renal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2007 Feb 12;96(3):403-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603547. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
- Sudarshan S, Pinto PA, Neckers L, Linehan WM. Mechanisms of disease: hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer--a distinct form of hereditary kidney cancer. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2007 Feb;4(2):104-10. doi: 10.1038/ncpuro0711.
- Zeman J, Krijt J, Stratilova L, Hansikova H, Wenchich L, Kmoch S, Chrastina P, Houstek J. Abnormalities in succinylpurines in fumarase deficiency: possible role in pathogenesis of CNS impairment. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2000 Jun;23(4):371-4. doi: 10.1023/a:1005639516342. No abstract available.
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