forkhead box C1
Last updated 11 Apr 2023
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The FOXC1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and regulates the activity of other genes. On the basis of this action, the FOXC1 protein is called a transcription factor.
Normal function
The FOXC1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and regulates the activity of other genes. On the basis of this action, the FOXC1 protein is called a transcription factor.
The FOXC1 protein plays a critical role in early development, particularly in the formation of structures in the front part of the eye (the anterior segment). These structures include the colored part of the eye (the iris), the lens of the eye, and the clear front covering of the eye (the cornea). Studies suggest that the FOXC1 protein may also have functions in the adult eye, such as helping cells respond to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when unstable molecules called free radicals accumulate to levels that can damage or kill cells.
The FOXC1 protein is also involved in the normal development of other parts of the body, including the heart, kidneys, and brain.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
FKHL7
forkhead box protein C1
forkhead, drosophila, homolog-like 7
forkhead-related activator 3
forkhead-related protein FKHL7
forkhead-related transcription factor 3
forkhead/winged helix-like transcription factor 7
FOXC1_HUMAN
FREAC-3
FREAC3
myeloid factor-delta
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Further reading and references
- forkhead box C1; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Aldinger KA, Lehmann OJ, Hudgins L, Chizhikov VV, Bassuk AG, Ades LC, Krantz ID, Dobyns WB, Millen KJ. FOXC1 is required for normal cerebellar development and is a major contributor to chromosome 6p25.3 Dandy-Walker malformation. Nat Genet. 2009 Sep;41(9):1037-42. doi: 10.1038/ng.422. Epub 2009 Aug 9.
- Berry FB, Lines MA, Oas JM, Footz T, Underhill DA, Gage PJ, Walter MA. Functional interactions between FOXC1 and PITX2 underlie the sensitivity to FOXC1 gene dose in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and anterior segment dysgenesis. Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Mar 15;15(6):905-19. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl008. Epub 2006 Jan 31.
- D'haene B, Meire F, Claerhout I, Kroes HY, Plomp A, Arens YH, de Ravel T, Casteels I, De Jaegere S, Hooghe S, Wuyts W, van den Ende J, Roulez F, Veenstra-Knol HE, Oldenburg RA, Giltay J, Verheij JB, de Faber JT, Menten B, De Paepe A, Kestelyn P, Leroy BP, De Baere E. Expanding the spectrum of FOXC1 and PITX2 mutations and copy number changes in patients with anterior segment malformations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Jan 21;52(1):324-33. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5309.
- Honkanen RA, Nishimura DY, Swiderski RE, Bennett SR, Hong S, Kwon YH, Stone EM, Sheffield VC, Alward WL. A family with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and Peters Anomaly caused by a point mutation (Phe112Ser) in the FOXC1 gene. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;135(3):368-75. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(02)02061-5.
- Lehmann OJ, Ebenezer ND, Ekong R, Ocaka L, Mungall AJ, Fraser S, McGill JI, Hitchings RA, Khaw PT, Sowden JC, Povey S, Walter MA, Bhattacharya SS, Jordan T. Ocular developmental abnormalities and glaucoma associated with interstitial 6p25 duplications and deletions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Jun;43(6):1843-9.
- Nishimura DY, Searby CC, Alward WL, Walton D, Craig JE, Mackey DA, Kawase K, Kanis AB, Patil SR, Stone EM, Sheffield VC. A spectrum of FOXC1 mutations suggests gene dosage as a mechanism for developmental defects of the anterior chamber of the eye. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Feb;68(2):364-72. doi: 10.1086/318183. Epub 2001 Jan 18.
- Reis LM, Tyler RC, Volkmann Kloss BA, Schilter KF, Levin AV, Lowry RB, Zwijnenburg PJ, Stroh E, Broeckel U, Murray JC, Semina EV. PITX2 and FOXC1 spectrum of mutations in ocular syndromes. Eur J Hum Genet. 2012 Dec;20(12):1224-33. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.80. Epub 2012 May 9.
- Strungaru MH, Dinu I, Walter MA. Genotype-phenotype correlations in Axenfeld-Rieger malformation and glaucoma patients with FOXC1 and PITX2 mutations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Jan;48(1):228-37. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0472.
- Tumer Z, Bach-Holm D. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and spectrum of PITX2 and FOXC1 mutations. Eur J Hum Genet. 2009 Dec;17(12):1527-39. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.93. Epub 2009 Jun 10.
- Weisschuh N, Wolf C, Wissinger B, Gramer E. A novel mutation in the FOXC1 gene in a family with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and Peters' anomaly. Clin Genet. 2008 Nov;74(5):476-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01025.x. Epub 2008 May 21.
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