FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 2
Last updated 11 Apr 2023
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The FREM2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a group of proteins called the FRAS/FREM complex; in addition to being part of the complex, FREM2 regulates the complex's formation. The FRAS/FREM complex is found in basement membranes, which are thin, sheet-like structures that separate and support cells in many tissues. The complex is particularly important during development before birth. One of its roles is to anchor the top layer of skin by connecting the basement membrane of the top layer to the layer of skin below. The FRAS/FREM complex is also involved in the proper development of certain other organs and tissues, including the kidneys, although the mechanism is unclear.
Normal function
The FREM2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a group of proteins called the FRAS/FREM complex; in addition to being part of the complex, FREM2 regulates the complex's formation. The FRAS/FREM complex is found in basement membranes, which are thin, sheet-like structures that separate and support cells in many tissues. The complex is particularly important during development before birth. One of its roles is to anchor the top layer of skin by connecting the basement membrane of the top layer to the layer of skin below. The FRAS/FREM complex is also involved in the proper development of certain other organs and tissues, including the kidneys, although the mechanism is unclear.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
DKFZp686J0811
ECM3 homolog
FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 2
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Further reading and references
- FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 2; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Al-Hamed MH, Sayer JA, Alsahan N, Tulbah M, Kurdi W, Ambusaidi Q, Ali W, Imtiaz F. Novel loss of function variants in FRAS1 AND FREM2 underlie renal agenesis in consanguineous families. J Nephrol. 2021 Jun;34(3):893-900. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00795-0. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
- Ikeda S, Akamatsu C, Ijuin A, Nagashima A, Sasaki M, Mochizuki A, Nagase H, Enomoto Y, Kuroda Y, Kurosawa K, Ishikawa H. Prenatal diagnosis of Fraser syndrome caused by novel variants of FREM2. Hum Genome Var. 2020 Oct 2;7:32. doi: 10.1038/s41439-020-00119-5. eCollection 2020.
- Jadeja S, Smyth I, Pitera JE, Taylor MS, van Haelst M, Bentley E, McGregor L, Hopkins J, Chalepakis G, Philip N, Perez Aytes A, Watt FM, Darling SM, Jackson I, Woolf AS, Scambler PJ. Identification of a new gene mutated in Fraser syndrome and mouse myelencephalic blebs. Nat Genet. 2005 May;37(5):520-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1549. Epub 2005 Apr 17.
- Kohl S, Hwang DY, Dworschak GC, Hilger AC, Saisawat P, Vivante A, Stajic N, Bogdanovic R, Reutter HM, Kehinde EO, Tasic V, Hildebrandt F. Mild recessive mutations in six Fraser syndrome-related genes cause isolated congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Sep;25(9):1917-22. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013101103. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
- Pavlakis E, Chiotaki R, Chalepakis G. The role of Fras1/Frem proteins in the structure and function of basement membrane. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2011 Apr;43(4):487-95. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.12.016. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
- Petrou P, Makrygiannis AK, Chalepakis G. The Fras1/Frem family of extracellular matrix proteins: structure, function, and association with Fraser syndrome and the mouse bleb phenotype. Connect Tissue Res. 2008;49(3):277-82. doi: 10.1080/03008200802148025.
- Short K, Wiradjaja F, Smyth I. Let's stick together: the role of the Fras1 and Frem proteins in epidermal adhesion. IUBMB Life. 2007 Jul;59(7):427-35. doi: 10.1080/15216540701510581.
- Simikyan RG, Zhang X, Strelkova O, Li N, Zhu M, Eckhard A, Baranov PY, Wu X, Richey L, Indzhykulian AA. Frem2 Knockout Mice Exhibit Fraser Syndrome Phenotypes and Neonatal Lethality Due to Bilateral Renal Agenesis. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 Aug 5:2024.10.28.620501. doi: 10.1101/2024.10.28.620501.
- van Haelst MM, Maiburg M, Baujat G, Jadeja S, Monti E, Bland E, Pearce K; Fraser Syndrome Collaboration Group; Hennekam RC, Scambler PJ. Molecular study of 33 families with Fraser syndrome new data and mutation review. Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Sep 1;146A(17):2252-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32440.
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