GTF2I repeat domain containing 1
Last updated 8 Mar 2022
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The GTF2IRD1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that regulates the activity of many other genes. This protein probably interacts with specific regions of DNA and with other proteins to turn genes on or off. Based on this role, the GTF2IRD1 protein is called a transcription factor.
Normal function
The GTF2IRD1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that regulates the activity of many other genes. This protein probably interacts with specific regions of DNA and with other proteins to turn genes on or off. Based on this role, the GTF2IRD1 protein is called a transcription factor.
Although its exact function is unknown, the GTF2IRD1 gene is active in many of the body's tissues. It appears to be particularly important for gene regulation in the brain and in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). Studies suggest that this gene also plays a role in the development of tissues in the head and face (craniofacial development).
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
CREAM1
general transcription factor 3
GT2D1_HUMAN
GTF2I repeat domain-containing 1
GTF3
hMusTRD1alpha1
muscle TFII-I repeat domain-containing protein 1 alpha 1
MusTRD1
RBAP2
WBSCR11
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Further reading and references
- GTF2I repeat domain containing 1; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Dai L, Bellugi U, Chen XN, Pulst-Korenberg AM, Jarvinen-Pasley A, Tirosh-Wagner T, Eis PS, Graham J, Mills D, Searcy Y, Korenberg JR. Is it Williams syndrome? GTF2IRD1 implicated in visual-spatial construction and GTF2I in sociability revealed by high resolution arrays. Am J Med Genet A. 2009 Mar;149A(3):302-14. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32652.
- Edelmann L, Prosnitz A, Pardo S, Bhatt J, Cohen N, Lauriat T, Ouchanov L, Gonzalez PJ, Manghi ER, Bondy P, Esquivel M, Monge S, Delgado MF, Splendore A, Francke U, Burton BK, McInnes LA. An atypical deletion of the Williams-Beuren syndrome interval implicates genes associated with defective visuospatial processing and autism. J Med Genet. 2007 Feb;44(2):136-43. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2006.044537. Epub 2006 Sep 13.
- Franke Y, Peoples RJ, Francke U. Identification of GTF2IRD1, a putative transcription factor within the Williams-Beuren syndrome deletion at 7q11.23. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1999;86(3-4):296-304. doi: 10.1159/000015322.
- Hirota H, Matsuoka R, Chen XN, Salandanan LS, Lincoln A, Rose FE, Sunahara M, Osawa M, Bellugi U, Korenberg JR. Williams syndrome deficits in visual spatial processing linked to GTF2IRD1 and GTF2I on chromosome 7q11.23. Genet Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;5(4):311-21. doi: 10.1097/01.GIM.0000076975.10224.67.
- Karmiloff-Smith A, Broadbent H, Farran EK, Longhi E, D'Souza D, Metcalfe K, Tassabehji M, Wu R, Senju A, Happe F, Turnpenny P, Sansbury F. Social cognition in williams syndrome: genotype/phenotype insights from partial deletion patients. Front Psychol. 2012 May 30;3:168. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00168. eCollection 2012.
- Kopp ND, Nygaard KR, Liu Y, McCullough KB, Maloney SE, Gabel HW, Dougherty JD. Functions of Gtf2i and Gtf2ird1 in the developing brain: transcription, DNA binding and long-term behavioral consequences. Hum Mol Genet. 2020 Jun 3;29(9):1498-1519. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa070.
- Kozel BA, Barak B, Kim CA, Mervis CB, Osborne LR, Porter M, Pober BR. Williams syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Jun 17;7(1):42. doi: 10.1038/s41572-021-00276-z.
- Meyer-Lindenberg A, Mervis CB, Berman KF. Neural mechanisms in Williams syndrome: a unique window to genetic influences on cognition and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 May;7(5):380-93. doi: 10.1038/nrn1906.
- O'Mahoney JV, Guven KL, Lin J, Joya JE, Robinson CS, Wade RP, Hardeman EC. Identification of a novel slow-muscle-fiber enhancer binding protein, MusTRD1. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Nov;18(11):6641-52. doi: 10.1128/MCB.18.11.6641.
- Osborne LR, Campbell T, Daradich A, Scherer SW, Tsui LC. Identification of a putative transcription factor gene (WBSCR11) that is commonly deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome. Genomics. 1999 Apr 15;57(2):279-84. doi: 10.1006/geno.1999.5784.
- Tassabehji M, Carette M, Wilmot C, Donnai D, Read AP, Metcalfe K. A transcription factor involved in skeletal muscle gene expression is deleted in patients with Williams syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 1999 Oct-Nov;7(7):737-47. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200396.
- Tassabehji M, Hammond P, Karmiloff-Smith A, Thompson P, Thorgeirsson SS, Durkin ME, Popescu NC, Hutton T, Metcalfe K, Rucka A, Stewart H, Read AP, Maconochie M, Donnai D. GTF2IRD1 in craniofacial development of humans and mice. Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1184-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1116142. Epub 2005 Nov 3.
- van Hagen JM, van der Geest JN, van der Giessen RS, Lagers-van Haselen GC, Eussen HJ, Gille JJ, Govaerts LC, Wouters CH, de Coo IF, Hoogenraad CC, Koekkoek SK, Frens MA, van Camp N, van der Linden A, Jansweijer MC, Thorgeirsson SS, De Zeeuw CI. Contribution of CYLN2 and GTF2IRD1 to neurological and cognitive symptoms in Williams Syndrome. Neurobiol Dis. 2007 Apr;26(1):112-24. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.009. Epub 2006 Dec 20.
- Yan X, Zhao X, Qian M, Guo N, Gong X, Zhu X. Characterization and gene structure of a novel retinoblastoma-protein-associated protein similar to the transcription regulator TFII-I. Biochem J. 2000 Feb 1;345 Pt 3(Pt 3):749-57.
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