phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1
Last updated 19 Apr 2023
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The PRPS1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1, or PRPP synthetase 1. This enzyme helps produce a molecule called phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP). PRPP is involved in making purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. These nucleotides are building blocks of DNA, its chemical cousin RNA, and molecules such as ATP and GTP that serve as energy sources in the cell.
Normal function
The PRPS1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1, or PRPP synthetase 1. This enzyme helps produce a molecule called phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP). PRPP is involved in making purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. These nucleotides are building blocks of DNA, its chemical cousin RNA, and molecules such as ATP and GTP that serve as energy sources in the cell.
Purines and pyrimidines may be manufactured from smaller molecules, or they can be recycled from the breakdown of DNA and RNA in a series of reactions called the salvage pathway. Manufacturing purines and pyrimidines uses much more energy and takes more time than recycling them, which makes recycling these molecules more efficient. The salvage pathway ensures that cells have a plentiful supply of purines and pyrimidines.
PRPP synthetase 1 and PRPP are involved in the manufacture of new purines and pyrimidines, and are also essential for the purine salvage pathway.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
ARTS
CMTX5
dJ1070B1.2 (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1)
KIAA0967
PPRibP
PRPS1_HUMAN
PRSI
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Further reading and references
- phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Almoguera B, He S, Corton M, Fernandez-San Jose P, Blanco-Kelly F, Lopez-Molina MI, Garcia-Sandoval B, Del Val J, Guo Y, Tian L, Liu X, Guan L, Torres RJ, Puig JG, Hakonarson H, Xu X, Keating B, Ayuso C. Expanding the phenotype of PRPS1 syndromes in females: neuropathy, hearing loss and retinopathy. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014 Dec 10;9:190. doi: 10.1186/s13023-014-0190-9.
- Braid T, Scholten S, Yoganathan S, Alsalamah AK, Deschenes D, Deslongchamps G, Goobie S, Heon E, Tein I, Deshwar AR. Broadening the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of PRS deficiency in females. HGG Adv. 2026 Jul 9;7(3):100601. doi: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2026.100601. Epub 2026 Apr 1.
- Camici M, Garcia-Gil M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Bernardini G, Micheli V, Tozzi MG. Inborn Errors of Purine Salvage and Catabolism. Metabolites. 2023 Jun 24;13(7):787. doi: 10.3390/metabo13070787.
- de Brouwer AP, van Bokhoven H, Nabuurs SB, Arts WF, Christodoulou J, Duley J. PRPS1 mutations: four distinct syndromes and potential treatment. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Apr 9;86(4):506-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.024.
- de Brouwer AP, Williams KL, Duley JA, van Kuilenburg AB, Nabuurs SB, Egmont-Petersen M, Lugtenberg D, Zoetekouw L, Banning MJ, Roeffen M, Hamel BC, Weaving L, Ouvrier RA, Donald JA, Wevers RA, Christodoulou J, van Bokhoven H. Arts syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in PRPS1. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):507-18. doi: 10.1086/520706. Epub 2007 Aug 3.
- de Brouwer APM, Christodoulou J. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase Deficiency. 2008 Oct 21 [updated 2023 Jun 8]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2591/
- de Brouwer APM, Christodoulou J. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase Superactivity. 2008 Sep 23 [updated 2022 Feb 17]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1973/
- Kim HJ, Sohn KM, Shy ME, Krajewski KM, Hwang M, Park JH, Jang SY, Won HH, Choi BO, Hong SH, Kim BJ, Suh YL, Ki CS, Lee SY, Kim SH, Kim JW. Mutations in PRPS1, which encodes the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase enzyme critical for nucleotide biosynthesis, cause hereditary peripheral neuropathy with hearing loss and optic neuropathy (cmtx5). Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):552-8. doi: 10.1086/519529. Epub 2007 Jun 29.
- Liu XZ, Xie D, Yuan HJ, de Brouwer AP, Christodoulou J, Yan D. Hearing loss and PRPS1 mutations: Wide spectrum of phenotypes and potential therapy. Int J Audiol. 2013 Jan;52(1):23-8. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2012.736032. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
- Mittal R, Patel K, Mittal J, Chan B, Yan D, Grati M, Liu XZ. Association of PRPS1 Mutations with Disease Phenotypes. Dis Markers. 2015;2015:127013. doi: 10.1155/2015/127013. Epub 2015 May 24.
- Nyhan WL. Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Sep-Oct;86(1-2):25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.07.027.
- Zheng M, Ma JW. Research progress in the genetics of hyperuricaemia and gout. Yi Chuan. 2016 Apr;38(4):300-13. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.15-385.
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