Perrault syndrome
Last updated 10 Nov 2023
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Perrault syndrome is a rare condition that causes different patterns of signs and symptoms in affected males and females. A key feature of this condition is hearing loss, which occurs in both males and females. Affected females also have abnormalities of the ovaries. Neurological problems occur in some affected males and females.
Description
Perrault syndrome is a rare condition that causes different patterns of signs and symptoms in affected males and females. A key feature of this condition is hearing loss, which occurs in both males and females. Affected females also have abnormalities of the ovaries. Neurological problems occur in some affected males and females.
In Perrault syndrome, the problems with hearing are caused by changes in the inner ear, which is known as sensorineural hearing loss. The impairment usually affects both ears and can be present at birth or begin in early childhood. Unless hearing is completely impaired at birth, the hearing problems worsen over time.
Females with Perrault syndrome have abnormal or missing ovaries (ovarian dysgenesis), although their external genitalia are normal. Severely affected girls do not begin menstruation by age 16 (primary amenorrhea), and most never have a menstrual period. Less severely affected women have an early loss of ovarian function (primary ovarian insufficiency); their menstrual periods begin in adolescence, but they become less frequent and eventually stop before age 40. Women with Perrault syndrome may have difficulty conceiving or be unable to have biological children (infertile).
Neurological problems in individuals with Perrault syndrome can include intellectual disability, difficulty with balance and coordinating movements (ataxia), and loss of sensation and weakness in the limbs (peripheral neuropathy). However, not everyone with this condition has neurological problems.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal recessive. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Gonadal dysgenesis with auditory dysfunction, autosomal recessive inheritance
Gonadal dysgenesis with sensorineural deafness, autosomal recessive inheritance
Gonadal dysgenesis, XX type, with deafness
Ovarian dysgenesis with sensorineural deafness
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Further reading and references
- Perrault syndrome; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Jenkinson EM, Rehman AU, Walsh T, Clayton-Smith J, Lee K, Morell RJ, Drummond MC, Khan SN, Naeem MA, Rauf B, Billington N, Schultz JM, Urquhart JE, Lee MK, Berry A, Hanley NA, Mehta S, Cilliers D, Clayton PE, Kingston H, Smith MJ, Warner TT; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics; Black GC, Trump D, Davis JR, Ahmad W, Leal SM, Riazuddin S, King MC, Friedman TB, Newman WG. Perrault syndrome is caused by recessive mutations in CLPP, encoding a mitochondrial ATP-dependent chambered protease. Am J Hum Genet. 2013 Apr 4;92(4):605-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.02.013. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
- Li T, Faridi R, Newman WG, Friedman TB. Perrault Syndrome Overview. 2014 Sep 25 [updated 2025 May 8]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK242617/
- Morino H, Pierce SB, Matsuda Y, Walsh T, Ohsawa R, Newby M, Hiraki-Kamon K, Kuramochi M, Lee MK, Klevit RE, Martin A, Maruyama H, King MC, Kawakami H. Mutations in Twinkle primase-helicase cause Perrault syndrome with neurologic features. Neurology. 2014 Nov 25;83(22):2054-61. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001036. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
- Pierce SB, Chisholm KM, Lynch ED, Lee MK, Walsh T, Opitz JM, Li W, Klevit RE, King MC. Mutations in mitochondrial histidyl tRNA synthetase HARS2 cause ovarian dysgenesis and sensorineural hearing loss of Perrault syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 19;108(16):6543-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103471108. Epub 2011 Apr 4.
- Pierce SB, Gersak K, Michaelson-Cohen R, Walsh T, Lee MK, Malach D, Klevit RE, King MC, Levy-Lahad E. Mutations in LARS2, encoding mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase, lead to premature ovarian failure and hearing loss in Perrault syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2013 Apr 4;92(4):614-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.03.007. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
- Pierce SB, Walsh T, Chisholm KM, Lee MK, Thornton AM, Fiumara A, Opitz JM, Levy-Lahad E, Klevit RE, King MC. Mutations in the DBP-deficiency protein HSD17B4 cause ovarian dysgenesis, hearing loss, and ataxia of Perrault Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Aug 13;87(2):282-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.007. Epub 2010 Jul 30.
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