Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I
Last updated 18 Aug 2020
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Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I (TRPS I) is a condition that causes bone and joint malformations; distinctive facial features; and abnormalities of the skin, hair, teeth, sweat glands, and nails. The name of the condition describes some of the areas of the body that are commonly affected: hair (tricho-), nose (rhino-), and fingers and toes (phalangeal).
Description
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I (TRPS I) is a condition that causes bone and joint malformations; distinctive facial features; and abnormalities of the skin, hair, teeth, sweat glands, and nails. The name of the condition describes some of the areas of the body that are commonly affected: hair (tricho-), nose (rhino-), and fingers and toes (phalangeal).
In people with TRPS I, the ends (epiphyses) of one or more bones in the fingers or toes are abnormally cone-shaped. Additionally, the fingernails and toenails are typically thin and abnormally formed. Affected individuals often have short feet.
Individuals with TRPS I may have a misalignment of the hip joints (hip dysplasia), which often develops in early adulthood but can occur in infancy or childhood. Children with TRPS I often have an unusually large range of movement (hypermobility) in many of their joints. Over time, however, the joints may break down (degenerate), leading to joint pain and a limited range of joint movement.
The characteristic appearance of individuals with TRPS I involves thick eyebrows; a broad nose with a rounded tip; large ears, a long, smooth area between the nose and the upper lip (philtrum); a thin upper lip; and small teeth that are either decreased (oligodontia) or increased (supernumerary) in number. Almost all affected individuals have sparse scalp hair. Males are particularly affected by hair loss with many being nearly or completely bald soon after puberty. Some children with this condition have loose skin, but the skin becomes tighter over time. Individuals with TRPS I may experience excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis).
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Trichorhinophalangeal dysplasia type I
TRP syndrome
TRPS I
TRPS1
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Further reading and references
- Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Candamourty R, Venkatachalam S, Karthikeyan B, Babu MR. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1: A case report with literature review. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul;3(2):209-11. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.101936.
- Dias C, Isidoro L, Santos M, Santos H, Marques JS. Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type I: A Patient with Two Novel and Different Mutations in the TRPS1 Gene. Case Rep Genet. 2013;2013:748057. doi: 10.1155/2013/748057. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
- Maas SM, Shaw AC, Bikker H, Ludecke HJ, van der Tuin K, Badura-Stronka M, Belligni E, Biamino E, Bonati MT, Carvalho DR, Cobben J, de Man SA, Den Hollander NS, Di Donato N, Garavelli L, Gronborg S, Herkert JC, Hoogeboom AJ, Jamsheer A, Latos-Bielenska A, Maat-Kievit A, Magnani C, Marcelis C, Mathijssen IB, Nielsen M, Otten E, Ousager LB, Pilch J, Plomp A, Poke G, Poluha A, Posmyk R, Rieubland C, Silengo M, Simon M, Steichen E, Stumpel C, Szakszon K, Polonkai E, van den Ende J, van der Steen A, van Essen T, van Haeringen A, van Hagen JM, Verheij JB, Mannens MM, Hennekam RC. Phenotype and genotype in 103 patients with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. Eur J Med Genet. 2015 May;58(5):279-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
- Tuysuz B, Gunes N, Alkaya DU. Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome. 2017 Apr 20 [updated 2024 Mar 21]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425926/
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