cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1
Last updated 26 Jul 2023
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The CYP19A1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called aromatase. This enzyme converts a class of hormones called androgens, which are involved in male sexual development, to different forms of the female sex hormone estrogen.
Normal function
The CYP19A1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called aromatase. This enzyme converts a class of hormones called androgens, which are involved in male sexual development, to different forms of the female sex hormone estrogen.
In cells, aromatase is found in a structure called the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in protein production, processing, and transport. The activity (expression) of aromatase varies among different cell types depending on the cells' need for estrogen. In females, aromatase is most active in the ovaries, where it guides sexual development. In males, aromatase is most active in fat (adipose) tissue. In both males and females, estrogen plays a role in regulating bone growth and blood sugar (glucose) levels. During fetal development, aromatase converts androgens to estrogens in the placenta, which is the link between the mother's blood supply and the fetus. This conversion in the placenta prevents androgens from directing sexual development in female fetuses. After birth, the conversion of androgens to estrogens takes place in multiple tissues.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
ARO
ARO1
aromatase
CP19A_HUMAN
CPV1
CYAR
CYP19
CYPXIX
cytochrome P-450AROM
cytochrome P450 19A1
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
cytochrome P450, subfamily XIX (aromatization of androgens)
estrogen synthase
estrogen synthetase
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase
microsomal monooxygenase
P-450AROM
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Further reading and references
- cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Belgorosky A, Guercio G, Pepe C, Saraco N, Rivarola MA. Genetic and clinical spectrum of aromatase deficiency in infancy, childhood and adolescence. Horm Res. 2009;72(6):321-30. doi: 10.1159/000249159. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
- Bulun SE, Sebastian S, Takayama K, Suzuki T, Sasano H, Shozu M. The human CYP19 (aromatase P450) gene: update on physiologic roles and genomic organization of promoters. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Sep;86(3-5):219-24. doi: 10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00359-5.
- Czajka-Oraniec I, Simpson ER. Aromatase research and its clinical significance. Endokrynol Pol. 2010 Jan-Feb;61(1):126-34.
- Fukami M, Tsuchiya T, Vollbach H, Brown KA, Abe S, Ohtsu S, Wabitsch M, Burger H, Simpson ER, Umezawa A, Shihara D, Nakabayashi K, Bulun SE, Shozu M, Ogata T. Genomic basis of aromatase excess syndrome: recombination- and replication-mediated rearrangements leading to CYP19A1 overexpression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Dec;98(12):E2013-21. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-2520. Epub 2013 Sep 24.
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