mitochondrially encoded tRNA glutamic acid
Last updated 25 Jul 2023
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The MT-TE gene provides instructions for making a molecule called a transfer RNA (tRNA), which is a chemical cousin of DNA. Transfer RNAs help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. The MT-TE gene provides instructions for making a specific form of tRNA that is designated as tRNAGlu. During protein assembly, this molecule attaches to the amino acid glutamic acid (Glu) and inserts it into the appropriate locations in the growing protein.
Normal function
The MT-TE gene provides instructions for making a molecule called a transfer RNA (tRNA), which is a chemical cousin of DNA. Transfer RNAs help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. The MT-TE gene provides instructions for making a specific form of tRNA that is designated as tRNAGlu. During protein assembly, this molecule attaches to the amino acid glutamic acid (Glu) and inserts it into the appropriate locations in the growing protein.
The tRNAGlu molecule is present only in cellular compartments called mitochondria. These structures convert energy from food into a form that cells can use. Through a process called oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria use oxygen, simple sugars, and fatty acids to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy source. The tRNAGlu molecule is involved in the assembly of proteins that carry out oxidative phosphorylation.
In certain cells in the pancreas, called beta cells, mitochondria also play a role in controlling the amount of sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream. In response to high glucose levels, mitochondria help trigger the release of a hormone called insulin. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by controlling how much glucose is passed from the blood into cells to be converted into energy.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
MTTE
trnE
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Further reading and references
- mitochondrially encoded tRNA glutamic acid; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
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- Mezghani N, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Mnif M, Charfi N, Rekik N, Youssef S, Abid M, Fakhfakh F. The heteroplasmic m.14709T>C mutation in the tRNA(Glu) gene in two Tunisian families with mitochondrial diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2010 Jul-Aug;24(4):270-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2009.11.002. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
- Mimaki M, Hatakeyama H, Komaki H, Yokoyama M, Arai H, Kirino Y, Suzuki T, Nishino I, Nonaka I, Goto Y. Reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency: a clinical and molecular study. Ann Neurol. 2010 Dec;68(6):845-54. doi: 10.1002/ana.22111.
- Rigoli L, Prisco F, Caruso RA, Iafusco D, Ursomanno G, Zuccarello D, Ingenito N, Rigoli M, Barberi I. Association of the T14709C mutation of mitochondrial DNA with maternally inherited diabetes mellitus and/or deafness in an Italian family. Diabet Med. 2001 Apr;18(4):334-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00429-2.x. No abstract available.
- Uusimaa J, Jungbluth H, Fratter C, Crisponi G, Feng L, Zeviani M, Hughes I, Treacy EP, Birks J, Brown GK, Sewry CA, McDermott M, Muntoni F, Poulton J. Reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency is a unique, genetically heterogenous mitochondrial disease. J Med Genet. 2011 Oct;48(10):660-668. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2011.089995.
- Vialettes BH, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Pelissier JF, Bendahan D, Narbonne H, Silvestre-Aillaud P, Montfort MF, Righini-Chossegros M, Pouget J, Cozzone PJ, Desnuelle C. Phenotypic expression of diabetes secondary to a T14709C mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Comparison with MIDD syndrome (A3243G mutation): a case report. Diabetes Care. 1997 Nov;20(11):1731-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.11.1731.
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