dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1
Last updated 10 Apr 2023
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The DYNC1H1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a group (complex) of proteins called dynein. This complex is found in the fluid inside cells (cytoplasm). Dynein is turned on (activated) by attaching (binding) to another complex called dynactin. This dynein-dynactin complex binds to various materials within cells. Using energy provided by molecules called ATP, the dynein-dynactin complex moves material along a track-like system of small tubes called microtubules, similar to a conveyer belt. The dynein-dynactin complex is necessary for protein transport, positioning of cell compartments, movement of structures within the cell, and many other cell processes. Dynein helps neighboring nerve cells (neurons) communicate by transporting sac-like structures called synaptic vesicles that contain chemical messengers. When synaptic vesicles are passed from one neuron to another, the dynein-dynactin complex transports the vesicle from the edge of the cell to the nucleus, where the chemical message is received.
Normal function
The DYNC1H1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a group (complex) of proteins called dynein. This complex is found in the fluid inside cells (cytoplasm). Dynein is turned on (activated) by attaching (binding) to another complex called dynactin. This dynein-dynactin complex binds to various materials within cells. Using energy provided by molecules called ATP, the dynein-dynactin complex moves material along a track-like system of small tubes called microtubules, similar to a conveyer belt. The dynein-dynactin complex is necessary for protein transport, positioning of cell compartments, movement of structures within the cell, and many other cell processes. Dynein helps neighboring nerve cells (neurons) communicate by transporting sac-like structures called synaptic vesicles that contain chemical messengers. When synaptic vesicles are passed from one neuron to another, the dynein-dynactin complex transports the vesicle from the edge of the cell to the nucleus, where the chemical message is received.
The parts (subunits) of a dynein complex are classified by weight as heavy, intermediate, light intermediate, or light chains. Two heavy chain proteins bind together to form the core of the dynein complex. Combinations of intermediate, light intermediate, and light chains make up the rest of the complex. The protein produced from the DYNC1H1 gene is a heavy chain. Other subunits are produced from different genes.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain 1
cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1
DHC1
DHC1a
DNCH1
Dnchc1
DNCL
DNECL
DYHC
DYHC1_HUMAN
dynein heavy chain, cytosolic
dynein, cytoplasmic 1, heavy chain 1
dynein, cytoplasmic, heavy polypeptide 1
HL-3
p22
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Further reading and references
- dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Eschbach J, Dupuis L. Cytoplasmic dynein in neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun;130(3):348-63. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.03.004. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
- Harms MB, Ori-McKenney KM, Scoto M, Tuck EP, Bell S, Ma D, Masi S, Allred P, Al-Lozi M, Reilly MM, Miller LJ, Jani-Acsadi A, Pestronk A, Shy ME, Muntoni F, Vallee RB, Baloh RH. Mutations in the tail domain of DYNC1H1 cause dominant spinal muscular atrophy. Neurology. 2012 May 29;78(22):1714-20. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182556c05. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
- Levy JR, Holzbaur EL. Cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin function and dysfunction in motor neurons. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2006 Apr-May;24(2-3):103-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2005.11.013. Epub 2006 Jan 6.
- Scoto M, Rossor AM, Harms MB, Cirak S, Calissano M, Robb S, Manzur AY, Martinez Arroyo A, Rodriguez Sanz A, Mansour S, Fallon P, Hadjikoumi I, Klein A, Yang M, De Visser M, Overweg-Plandsoen WC, Baas F, Taylor JP, Benatar M, Connolly AM, Al-Lozi MT, Nixon J, de Goede CG, Foley AR, Mcwilliam C, Pitt M, Sewry C, Phadke R, Hafezparast M, Chong WK, Mercuri E, Baloh RH, Reilly MM, Muntoni F. Novel mutations expand the clinical spectrum of DYNC1H1-associated spinal muscular atrophy. Neurology. 2015 Feb 17;84(7):668-79. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001269. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
- Strickland AV, Schabhuttl M, Offenbacher H, Synofzik M, Hauser NS, Brunner-Krainz M, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, Moore SA, Windhager R, Bender B, Harms M, Klebe S, Young P, Kennerson M, Garcia AS, Gonzalez MA, Zuchner S, Schule R, Shy ME, Auer-Grumbach M. Mutation screen reveals novel variants and expands the phenotypes associated with DYNC1H1. J Neurol. 2015 Sep;262(9):2124-34. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7727-2. Epub 2015 Jun 24.
- Weedon MN, Hastings R, Caswell R, Xie W, Paszkiewicz K, Antoniadi T, Williams M, King C, Greenhalgh L, Newbury-Ecob R, Ellard S. Exome sequencing identifies a DYNC1H1 mutation in a large pedigree with dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Aug 12;89(2):308-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.07.002. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
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