White-Sutton syndrome
Last updated 1 Mar 2023
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White-Sutton syndrome is a disorder that causes intellectual disability, specific facial features, and other signs and symptoms affecting various parts of the body. Most affected individuals have features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a varied condition characterised by impaired social skills, communication problems, and repetitive behaviors. However, in White-Sutton syndrome these features can occur along with other characteristics that are unusual in people with ASD, such as an overly friendly demeanor.
Description
White-Sutton syndrome is a disorder that causes intellectual disability, specific facial features, and other signs and symptoms affecting various parts of the body. Most affected individuals have features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a varied condition characterised by impaired social skills, communication problems, and repetitive behaviors. However, in White-Sutton syndrome these features can occur along with other characteristics that are unusual in people with ASD, such as an overly friendly demeanor.
People with White-Sutton syndrome have delayed development, with speech and language usually being more delayed than motor skills such as walking. Intellectual disability can range from borderline normal to severe.
Most people with White-Sutton syndrome have mild abnormalities of the head and face, which can include an unusually small head (microcephaly); a wide, short skull (brachycephaly); wide-set eyes (hypertelorism); a flat or sunken appearance of the middle of the face (midface hypoplasia); and a small mouth with a thin upper lip.
A wide variety of additional signs and symptoms can occur with White-Sutton syndrome. Among the more common are hyperactivity; sleeping difficulties; vision defects, especially farsightedness; gastrointestinal problems; obesity; and short stature. Some individuals with White-Sutton syndrome are born with a hole in the muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest cavity (the diaphragm), which is called a diaphragmatic hernia.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 37
MRD37
WHSUS
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Further reading and references
- White-Sutton syndrome; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Dentici ML, Niceta M, Pantaleoni F, Barresi S, Bencivenga P, Dallapiccola B, Digilio MC, Tartaglia M. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of truncating POGZ mutations: Association with CNS malformations, skeletal abnormalities, and distinctive facial dysmorphism. Am J Med Genet A. 2017 Jul;173(7):1965-1969. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38255. Epub 2017 May 7.
- Stessman HAF, Willemsen MH, Fenckova M, Penn O, Hoischen A, Xiong B, Wang T, Hoekzema K, Vives L, Vogel I, Brunner HG, van der Burgt I, Ockeloen CW, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers JH, Klein Wassink-Ruiter JS, Stumpel C, Stevens SJC, Vles HS, Marcelis CM, van Bokhoven H, Cantagrel V, Colleaux L, Nicouleau M, Lyonnet S, Bernier RA, Gerdts J, Coe BP, Romano C, Alberti A, Grillo L, Scuderi C, Nordenskjold M, Kvarnung M, Guo H, Xia K, Piton A, Gerard B, Genevieve D, Delobel B, Lehalle D, Perrin L, Prieur F, Thevenon J, Gecz J, Shaw M, Pfundt R, Keren B, Jacquette A, Schenck A, Eichler EE, Kleefstra T. Disruption of POGZ Is Associated with Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Am J Hum Genet. 2016 Mar 3;98(3):541-552. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.004.
- Tan B, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Ou J, Shen Y, Zhao J, Luo X, Guo J, Zeng L, Hu Y, Zheng Y, Pan Q, Liang D, Wu L. A novel de novo POGZ mutation in a patient with intellectual disability. J Hum Genet. 2016 Apr;61(4):357-9. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2015.156. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
- White J, Beck CR, Harel T, Posey JE, Jhangiani SN, Tang S, Farwell KD, Powis Z, Mendelsohn NJ, Baker JA, Pollack L, Mason KJ, Wierenga KJ, Arrington DK, Hall M, Psychogios A, Fairbrother L, Walkiewicz M, Person RE, Niu Z, Zhang J, Rosenfeld JA, Muzny DM, Eng C, Beaudet AL, Lupski JR, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Yang Y, Xia F, Sutton VR. POGZ truncating alleles cause syndromic intellectual disability. Genome Med. 2016 Jan 6;8(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0253-0.
- Ye Y, Cho MT, Retterer K, Alexander N, Ben-Omran T, Al-Mureikhi M, Cristian I, Wheeler PG, Crain C, Zand D, Weinstein V, Vernon HJ, McClellan R, Krishnamurthy V, Vitazka P, Millan F, Chung WK. De novo POGZ mutations are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and microcephaly. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud. 2015 Oct;1(1):a000455. doi: 10.1101/mcs.a000455.
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