FG syndrome
Last updated 18 Aug 2020
Meets Patient’s editorial guidelines
- DownloadDownload
- Share
- Language
- Discussion
- Audio Version
- Add to preferred sources on Google
FG syndrome is a genetic condition that affects many parts of the body and occurs almost exclusively in males. "FG" represents the surname initials of the first family diagnosed with the disorder.
Description
FG syndrome is a genetic condition that affects many parts of the body and occurs almost exclusively in males. "FG" represents the surname initials of the first family diagnosed with the disorder.
FG syndrome affects intelligence and behaviour. Almost everyone with the condition has intellectual disability, which ranges from mild to severe. Affected individuals tend to be friendly, inquisitive, and hyperactive, with a short attention span. Compared to people with other forms of intellectual disability, their socialization and daily living skills are strong, while verbal communication and language skills tend to be weaker.
The physical features of FG syndrome include weak muscle tone (hypotonia), broad thumbs, and wide first (big) toes. Abnormalities of the tissue connecting the left and right halves of the brain (the corpus callosum) are also common. Most affected individuals have constipation, and many have abnormalities of the anus such as an obstruction of the anal opening (imperforate anus). People with FG syndrome also tend to have a distinctive facial appearance including small, underdeveloped ears; a tall, prominent forehead; and outside corners of the eyes that point downward (down-slanting palpebral fissures).
Additional features seen in some people with FG syndrome include widely set eyes (hypertelorism), an upswept frontal hairline, and a large head compared to body size (relative macrocephaly). Other health problems have also been reported, including heart defects, seizures, undescended testes (cryptorchidism) in males, and a soft out-pouching in the lower abdomen (an inguinal hernia).
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: X-linked recessive. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
FGS
FGS1
Keller syndrome
Mental retardation, large head, imperforate anus, congenital hypotonia, and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum
OKS
Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a condition where the 'filters' in the kidney become 'leaky' and large amounts of protein leak from the blood into the urine. The main symptom is fluid ret... However, a reaction of the immune system to something, or to various different things, is thought to be the cause. FSGS accounts for up to 1 in 10 cases of nephrotic.
Patient information leaflet
Fetal anticonvulsant syndrome
Fetal anticonvulsant syndrome (FACS) - also known as fetal valproate syndrome and fetal hydantoin syndrome - is a group of malformations that can affect some babies if they are exposed to certain medicines known as antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) while in the womb. Most women with epilepsy will have a healthy child. Women with epilepsy who are pregnant.
Patient information leaflet
Proctalgia fugax and anal pain
Proctalgia fugax is a fleeting pain in the anus. It lasts less than 20 minutes, with no symptoms whatsoever in between episodes. Levator ani syndrome is a pain which lasts for longer. Both are only diagnosed when no other cause is found. What is proctalgia fugax. Proctalgia fugax is one of a number of conditions which cause anal or rectal pain.
Patient information leaflet
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), sometimes known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) , is a condition where there is long-term disabling tiredness (fatigue). Most people with also have one or more ... Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is defined as persistent or recurrent debilitating.
Patient information leaflet
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a condition that causes pain over the outside of the upper thigh (or both thighs) and hip. The cause is usually due to inflammation or injury to some of the tissues that lie over the bony prominence (the greater trochanter) at the top of the thigh bone... Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), also known.
Patient information leaflet
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome affects the nerves of the limbs and body and is usually triggered by an infection. The main symptom is sudden onset weakness of the muscles that are supplied by the affected nerves. What is Guillain-Barré syndrome. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a disease that affects nerves throughout the body and limbs. It is usually.
Further reading and references
- FG syndrome; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Briault S, Hill R, Shrimpton A, Zhu D, Till M, Ronce N, Margaritte-Jeannin P, Baraitser M, Middleton-Price H, Malcolm S, Thompson E, Hoo J, Wilson G, Romano C, Guichet A, Pembrey M, Fontes M, Poustka A, Moraine C. A gene for FG syndrome maps in the Xq12-q21.31 region. Am J Med Genet. 1997 Nov 28;73(1):87-90.
- Briault S, Odent S, Lucas J, Le Merrer M, Turleau C, Munnich A, Moraine C. Paracentric inversion of the X chromosome [inv(X)(q12q28)] in familial FG syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Sep 10;86(2):112-4. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990910)86:23.0.co;2-3.
- Clark RD, Graham JM Jr, Friez MJ, Hoo JJ, Jones KL, McKeown C, Moeschler JB, Raymond FL, Rogers RC, Schwartz CE, Battaglia A, Lyons MJ, Stevenson RE. FG syndrome, an X-linked multiple congenital anomaly syndrome: the clinical phenotype and an algorithm for diagnostic testing. Genet Med. 2009 Nov;11(11):769-75. doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181bd3d90.
- Dessay S, Moizard MP, Gilardi JL, Opitz JM, Middleton-Price H, Pembrey M, Moraine C, Briault S. FG syndrome: linkage analysis in two families supporting a new gene localization at Xp22.3 [FGS3]. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Sep 15;112(1):6-11. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.10546.
- Graham JM Jr, Tackels D, Dibbern K, Superneau D, Rogers C, Corning K, Schwartz CE. FG syndrome: report of three new families with linkage to Xq12-q22.1. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Nov 2;80(2):145-56.
- Graham JM Jr, Visootsak J, Dykens E, Huddleston L, Clark RD, Jones KL, Moeschler JB, Opitz JM, Morford J, Simensen R, Rogers RC, Schwartz CE, Friez MJ, Stevenson RE. Behavior of 10 patients with FG syndrome (Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome) and the p.R961W mutation in the MED12 gene. Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Dec 1;146A(23):3011-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32553.
- Jehee FS, Rosenberg C, Krepischi-Santos AC, Kok F, Knijnenburg J, Froyen G, Vianna-Morgante AM, Opitz JM, Passos-Bueno MR. An Xq22.3 duplication detected by comparative genomic hybridization microarray (Array-CGH) defines a new locus (FGS5) for FG syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Dec 15;139(3):221-6. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30991.
- Lyons MJ, Graham JM Jr, Neri G, Hunter AG, Clark RD, Rogers RC, Moscarda M, Boccuto L, Simensen R, Dodd J, Robertson S, DuPont BR, Friez MJ, Schwartz CE, Stevenson RE. Clinical experience in the evaluation of 30 patients with a prior diagnosis of FG syndrome. J Med Genet. 2009 Jan;46(1):9-13. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2008.060509. Epub 2008 Sep 19.
- Lyons MJ. MED12-Related Disorders. 2008 Jun 23 [updated 2021 Aug 12]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1676/
- Ozonoff S, Williams BJ, Rauch AM, Opitz JO. Behavior phenotype of FG syndrome: cognition, personality, and behavior in eleven affected boys. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Summer;97(2):112-8. doi: 10.1002/1096-8628(200022)97:23.0.co;2-d.
- Piluso G, Carella M, D'Avanzo M, Santinelli R, Carrano EM, D'Avanzo A, D'Adamo AP, Gasparini P, Nigro V. Genetic heterogeneity of FG syndrome: a fourth locus (FGS4) maps to Xp11.4-p11.3 in an Italian family. Hum Genet. 2003 Feb;112(2):124-30. doi: 10.1007/s00439-002-0863-7. Epub 2002 Nov 13.
- Risheg H, Graham JM Jr, Clark RD, Rogers RC, Opitz JM, Moeschler JB, Peiffer AP, May M, Joseph SM, Jones JR, Stevenson RE, Schwartz CE, Friez MJ. A recurrent mutation in MED12 leading to R961W causes Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome. Nat Genet. 2007 Apr;39(4):451-3. doi: 10.1038/ng1992. Epub 2007 Mar 4.
- Rump P, Niessen RC, Verbruggen KT, Brouwer OF, de Raad M, Hordijk R. A novel mutation in MED12 causes FG syndrome (Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome). Clin Genet. 2011 Feb;79(2):183-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01449.x.
Join the conversation
Share your thoughts or experiences with others in our patient communities.
Ask, share, connect.
Browse discussions, ask questions, and share experiences across hundreds of health topics.
Sign up to the Patient newsletter
Your weekly dose of clear, trustworthy health advice - written to help you feel informed, confident and in control.
By subscribing you accept our Privacy Policy. You can unsubscribe at any time. We never sell your data.