Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Description

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioural disorder that typically begins in childhood and is characterised by a short attention span (inattention), an inability to be calm and stay still (hyperactivity), and poor impulse control (impulsivity). Some people with ADHD have problems with only inattention or with hyperactivity and impulsivity, but most have problems related to all three features.

In people with ADHD, the characteristic behaviors are frequent and severe enough to interfere with the activities of daily living such as school, work, and relationships with others. Because of an inability to stay focused on tasks, people with inattention may be easily distracted, forgetful, avoid tasks that require sustained attention, have difficulty organizing tasks, or frequently lose items.

Hyperactivity is usually shown by frequent movement. Individuals with this feature often fidget or tap their foot when seated, leave their seat when it is inappropriate to do so (such as in the classroom), or talk a lot and interrupt others.

Impulsivity can result in hasty actions without thought for the consequences. Individuals with poor impulse control may have difficulty waiting for their turn, deferring to others, or considering their actions before acting.

More than two-thirds of all individuals with ADHD have additional conditions, including insomnia, mood or anxiety disorders, learning disorders, or substance use disorders. Affected individuals may also have autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by impaired communication and social interaction, or Tourette syndrome, which is a disorder characterised by repetitive and involuntary movements or noises called tics.

In most affected individuals, ADHD continues throughout life, but in about one-third of individuals, signs and symptoms of ADHD go away by adulthood.

Inheritance patterns

The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Pattern unknown. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.

Other names

ADD

ADDH

ADHD

Attention deficit

Attention deficit disorder

Attention deficit disorder of childhood with hyperactivity

Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity

Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity syndrome

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Hyperkinetic disorder

Hyperkinetic syndrome