- Health topics
- Brain and nerves
Brain and nerves
Epilepsy and seizures
There's a common myth that we only use around 10% of our brain, when in fact it's an organ that's working on overdrive every second of the day. That is of course, until something goes wrong. A problem in your brain is often a serious one, so we've gathered some expert minds and picked their brains to provide you with useful advice.
Epilepsy and seizures
A seizure is a single, temporary event of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, whereas epilepsy is a neurological disorder diagnosed by two or more unprovoked seizures. While all epilepsy involves seizures, not everyone who has a seizure has epilepsy.
Head injury
A blow to the head should never be ignored. Understand the signs of concussion and more serious injuries, and what to do if it happens.
Headache
Headaches are extremely common and range from mild tension-type pains to severe cluster headaches. Most are harmless, stemming from stress, dehydration, poor posture, or lack of sleep.
Limb weakness and numbness
Numbness and tingling in the limbs is a common symptom usually caused by nerve or circulation issues. While "pins and needles" from sitting awkwardly is harmless, persistent or spreading sensations require medical evaluation.
Memory loss and dementia
Memory loss can range from minor, temporary forgetfulness to early signs of dementia. While it can be a natural part of aging or caused by stress, fatigue, or sleep deprivation, it may also indicate an underlying medical condition.
Migraine
A migraine is a complex disorder characterized by recurring, intense headaches. It typically causes moderate to severe throbbing pain along with nausea, vomiting, and heightened sensitivity to light, sound, and smells.
Movement disorders
Movement disorders are a group of neurological conditions that disrupt the nervous system’s ability to control body movements, leading to involuntary twitches, spasms, or sluggish, limited motion.
Nerve disorders
Peripheral nerve disorders (neuropathy) occur when nerves outside the brain and spinal cord are damaged. Symptoms vary by the affected nerve and include numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain.
- Bell's palsy
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
- Diabetic amyotrophy
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Foot drop
- Functional neurological disorder
- Nerve conduction studies
- Nerve damage after epidural injection
- Neuroblastoma
- Neuropathic pain
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Postherpetic neuralgia
- Shingles
- Temporal lobe lesions
- Trigeminal neuralgia
Neurodiversity
Neurodiversity is the concept that neurological differences (like how the brain processes information, learns, and behaves) are natural human variations rather than deficits.
Other brain issues
Not every brain condition fits a neat label. Explore other brain issues such as tumours or encephalitis and when to seek expert help.
Speech
Changes to your speech can feel frightening. Learn about the possible causes—from strokes to neurological conditions—and the therapies that can help recovery.
Stroke
A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel in the brain bursts. It requires immediate medical attention to minimise brain damage and long-term disability.