Co-trimoxazole for infection

About co-trimoxazole

What is co-trimoxazole used for?

Co-trimoxazole is a type of antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections, particularly in people who have a problem with their immune system.

It is a combination of two antibacterial medicines - a sulfonamide medicine called sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim.

Although it has been prescribed widely for a range of infections in the past, it has very occasionally been associated with some serious side effects, and as a result is only now used for certain infections.

It works by killing the germs (bacteria) responsible for causing the infection.

Side effects of co-trimoxazole

Common side effects of co-trimoxazole are:

• Feeling sick.

• Diarrhoea.

• Headache.

• Skin rash.

You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine.

The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

How to manage co-trimoxazole side effects

If you experience any other symptoms which you think may be due to the medicine, speak with your doctor or pharmacist for further advice.

Who should not take co-trimoxazole?

Some medicines aren’t suitable for certain health conditions or may require extra care. Before taking co-trimoxazole, it is important to let your doctor know:

• If you are pregnant, trying for a baby, or breastfeeding.

• If you have any problems with the way your liver works or with the way your kidneys work.

• If you have asthma.

• If you have a blood disorder. It is particularly important that you tell your doctor if you have a rare inherited blood disorder called porphyria.

• If you have an enzyme deficiency called G6PD deficiency.

• If you have been told you have low amounts of the vitamin folic acid.

• If you are taking any other medicines. This includes any medicines you are taking which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.

• If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a medicine. It is particularly important that you tell your doctor if you have ever had a bad reaction to a sulfonamide antibiotic.

How to take co-trimoxazole

• Read the information leaflet in the pack before you start. It explains the medicine and lists possible side effects.

• Take co-trimoxazole exactly as your doctor tells you to. Your dose will depend upon whether you are being treated because you have an infection, or to prevent an infection.

• It is usually taken twice a day, 12 hours apart for adults.

• For children, it is usually a liquid medicine - the dose will depend on the age of your child.

• Take co-trimoxazole regularly so that you keep a steady level of the medicine in your body.

• Try to avoid missing any doses.

• Co-trimoxazole is best taken with food or a drink.

• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s nearly time for the next one, skip the missed dose. Do not take two doses at once.

Getting the most from your treatment

• Drink plenty of water each day while taking co-trimoxazole so you don’t get dehydrated.

• Most people start to feel better after a few days. If you don’t improve, see your doctor as you may need a different antibiotic.

• Keep taking the medicine until you finish the full course, even if you feel better, unless your doctor tells you to stop. This helps stop the infection from coming back.

• Some people get thrush (oral or vaginal) after antibiotics. If this happens, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

• If you are having an operation or dental treatment, tell the person carrying out the treatment which medicines you are taking.

• If you buy any medicines, check with a pharmacist that they are suitable to take with co-trimoxazole.

• This medicine can stop the oral typhoid vaccine from working. Tell your healthcare provider you’re taking it if you’re due for any vaccines.

• If you still feel unwell after completing your course of the antibiotic, make another appointment to see your doctor.

How to store co-trimoxazole

• Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.

Important information about all medicines

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take for co-trimoxazole take to work?

Co-trimoxazole usually starts working within 1-3 days. Most people start to notice an improvement in their symptoms within a few days of taking the first dose. Always finish the full course of treatment even if you are feeling better.

Is co-trimoxazole safe to take during pregnancy?

Co-trimoxazole is not usually recommended to take during pregnancy, especially in the first and third trimesters. Always let your doctor know if you are pregnant or are planning on becoming pregnant before taking co-trimoxazole.

Can you drink alcohol while taking co-trimoxazole?

Drinking alcohol while taking co-trimoxazole can worsen side effects such as nausea, dizziness, and stomach upset. It is best to avoid alcohol until you have finished your course of treatment, however, moderate consumption is generally considered to be safe.

How long does co-trimoxazole stay in your system for?

Co-trimoxazole stays in your system for 2-3 days after your last dose, however, it may last longer for people with kidney problems.