Ibuprofen for pain and inflammation

About ibuprofen

What is ibuprofen used for?

Ibuprofen is a type of anti-inflammatory painkiller (also called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or 'anti-inflammatories') that is used to treat pain and reduce inflammation (swelling).

Conditions that it is commonly used to treat include:

• Arthritis.

• Sprains and strains.

• Period (menstrual) pain.

• Migraines.

• Dental pain.

• Pain after surgical operations.

Ibuprofen can also be used to relieve cold and 'flu-like' symptoms including high temperature (fever). It can be taken by adults and by children over the age of 3 months.

Ibuprofen is available on prescription, and you can also buy a number of preparations which contain ibuprofen without a prescription at pharmacies and other retail outlets.

It is also available as a gel which can be applied directly to your skin to help relieve muscle and joint pain.

How does ibuprofen work?

Ibuprofen works by blocking the effect of natural chemicals called cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes.

These enzymes help to make other chemicals in the body, called prostaglandins. Some prostaglandins are produced at sites of injury or damage, and cause pain and inflammation.

By blocking the effect of COX enzymes, fewer prostaglandins are produced, which means pain and inflammation are eased.

Side effects of ibuprofen

Common side effects of ibuprofen are:

• Indigestion.

• Heartburn.

• Stomach pain.

• Feeling sick.

• Being sick.

• Diarrhoea.

You will find a full list of the side effects associated with ibuprofen from the manufacturer's printed information leaflet supplied with the medicine.

How to manage ibuprofen side effects

The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

Ibuprofen may increase the risk of developing serious skin infections when used in children with chickenpox. Therefore, paracetamol is usually recommended in chickenpox and ibuprofen should not be used.

Ibuprofen does not affect your ability to drive or to use machinery.

If you experience any other symptoms which you think may be due to the medicine, speak with your doctor or pharmacist for further advice.

Who should not take ibuprofen?

Some medicines are not suitable for people with certain conditions. Before taking ibuprofen it is important that your doctor knows:

• If you have ever had a stomach or duodenal ulcer, or if you have an inflammatory bowel disorder such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

• If you have asthma or any other allergic disorder.

• If you are pregnant, trying for a baby, or breastfeeding.

• If you have any problems with the way your liver works, or if you have any problems with the way your kidneys work.

• If you have a heart condition or a problem with your blood vessels or circulation.

• If you have high blood pressure.

• If you have any blood clotting problems.

• If you have high blood sugar or cholesterol levels.

• If you have a connective tissue disorder such as systemic lupus erythematosus. This is an inflammatory condition which is also called lupus or SLE.

• If you are taking any other medicines. This includes any medicines you are taking which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.

• If you have ever had an allergic reaction to any other NSAID (such as aspirin, naproxen, diclofenac, and indometacin), or to any other medicine.

How to take ibuprofen

• Before you take ibuprofen, read the leaflet in the pack. It explains how the medicine works and lists possible side effects.

• For adults and children 12 and older, the usual dose is 200-400 mg three or four times a day if needed. If your tablets are the slow-release kind, the dose is different - they’re usually taken once or twice a day.

• Different brands may have different strengths, so always check the label to make sure you’re taking the right amount

• If you’re giving liquid ibuprofen to a child, the dose depends on their age. Read the bottle label carefully so you give the correct amount. The doses below are a general guide for a 100 mg/5 ml ibuprofen suspension.

  • 3-5 months: 50 mg (2.5 ml) three times daily.

  • 6-11 months: 50 mg (2.5 ml) three or four times daily.

  • 1-3 years: 100 mg (5 ml) three times daily.

  • 4-6 years: 150 mg (7.5 ml) three times daily.

  • 7-9 years: 200 mg (10 ml) three times daily.

  • 10-11 years: 300 mg (15 ml) three times daily.

• Ibuprofen is best taken with food. This will help to protect your stomach from side effects such as indigestion.

• If you have been prescribed a modified-release form of ibuprofen (Brufen Retard® brand), swallow the tablet or capsule whole with a glass of water. Do not crush or break the tablets.

• If you have been prescribed a sachet containing ibuprofen granules (Brufen® Effervescent Granules), mix the contents of the sachet into a glass of water to make a fizzy drink. Drink it straightaway after mixing it.

• If you forget a dose, take it when you remember - unless it’s almost time for your next one. If it is, just skip the missed dose and take the next one as normal. Do not take two doses at once.

Getting the most from your treatment

• Your doctor will give you the lowest dose of ibuprofen for the shortest time to help avoid side effects. If you need it long-term, they might also give you another medicine to protect your stomach.

  • If you bought ibuprofen yourself, only use it for a short time and stop once the pain or fever goes away.

• Keep your regular check-ups with your doctor, especially if you're taking ibuprofen for a long-term problem.

• If you have asthma, ibuprofen can sometimes make symptoms like wheezing or breathlessness worse. If that happens, stop taking it and see your doctor.

• Some anti-inflammatory medicines, including ibuprofen, may slightly increase the risk of heart and blood vessel problems if used long-term. If you’re worried, talk to a healthcare professional. Always stick to the recommended dose.

• If you buy other medicines, check with a pharmacist that they’re safe to take with ibuprofen. Don’t take ibuprofen along with any other anti-inflammatory painkillers - some cold and flu medicines contain them.

• If you are having an operation or dental treatment, tell the person carrying out the treatment which medicines you are taking.

How to store ibuprofen

• Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.

Important information about all medicines

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take for ibuprofen to work?

Ibuprofen usually starts working within 20 to 30 minutes, with its full pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects typically felt after about 1 to 2 hours. How quickly it works can depend on your metabolism and the type of ibuprofen.

Can you take ibuprofen while pregnant?

You should avoid taking ibuprofen while pregnant, especially after 20 weeks, as it may affect the baby’s development and increase the risk of complications in later pregnancy.

Can you drink alcohol with ibuprofen?

It’s generally best to avoid alcohol while taking ibuprofen as it can increase the risk of stomach irritation, bleeding, and other side effects. However, drinking a small amount of alcohol is usually fine.

Can you take ibuprofen and paracetamol together?

Yes, ibuprofen and paracetamol can be taken together for short-term pain relief as they work differently in the body. They can also be taken alternately to maintain consistent relief.

Can you take ibuprofen with co-codamol?

Yes, you can take ibuprofen with co-codamol as they work differently to relieve pain. They can provide stronger pain control when used together. Always follow dosing instructions carefully.

How long does ibuprofen last?

The effects of ibuprofen typically last 4 to 6 hours, depending on the dose and formulation. Extended-release versions may last longer.