COVID-19: how to support vulnerable friends and family during the coronavirus pandemic

Caring for vulnerable loved ones with a lockdown in place is a challenge many of us are now facing. Current restrictions have changed the way we live and interact and it can be tricky to know how best to support those we care about.

Older people and those with underlying health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma and depression may be particularly vulnerable at this time. Not only in terms of contracting the coronavirus and its possible complications, but also as a result of reduced care and increased isolation.

Visiting a vulnerable person - dos and don’ts

The government's social-distancing guidelines say we should only be visiting a vulnerable person to deliver food and essential items and that these should be left on the doorstep for them to bring in. However, this is a real problem for elderly people says Lesley Carter, clinical lead at charity Age UK.

"Calls to our advice line are up nearly 80% at the moment and many of the queries are about how to balance social distancing 'on the doorstep' with the need for essential care," she explains. "Obviously it is crucial to reduce the risk of vulnerable people being exposed to the coronavirus, but we also have to look at how these current social-distancing measures are affecting their health overall."

According to government statistics for England, at least 3.3 million people aged 70 years and over live alone and many need regular support to live independently.

"Obviously don't visit grandma with the whole family and go in for a cup of tea, but if something crucial needs doing that she can't do safely - unpacking heavy shopping, or fixing something essential like a blown bulb in the kitchen - then one of you go in and do it," says Carter. "Stick strictly to social distancing measures and hand hygiene, but do what needs doing to maintain their independence and keep them living in a healthy environment."

The Health Influencing team at Age UK speaks almost daily with NHS England and Public Health England, suggesting how best to support older people during the pandemic.

"We're bringing all these concerns to their attention and I hope to see some of this reflected in updated government guidelines soon."

Patient picks for COVID-19

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What we know about the new COVID-19 variants Eris and Pirola

With lockdowns a thing of the past, COVID-19 may not be at the forefront of everyone's minds - but it is continuing to spread. And as long as it does so, mutations of the virus, often referred to as different variants, will continue to emerge. Here we look at what we know about the two new strains, Eris and Pirola.

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Long COVID

Most people with COVID-19 infection (SARS CoV-2 infection) feel better within a few days or weeks and recover completely within 12 weeks of the infection. However, some people have ongoing symptoms that remain for weeks, months, or longer, which is usually called "long COVID". For some, these long-term effects of COVID-19 can be debilitating. These effects can be very different from person to person, and it seems likely that there are different 'types' of long COVID, or different syndromes, which might behave in different ways.

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Setting up a practical care plan

Set up a care plan with friends and family to support vulnerable loved ones so you share the care. Work out practical tasks such as how they'll get food and prescription medications in if they're living alone, and agree on specific times to phone them which they can look forward to and rely on. Age UK has published a guide to setting up video calling for the elderly which may be useful.

Psychotherapist Alan Sparkes says it's vital for those living alone to feel they are part of a local community.

"There are a lot of community groups that have sprung up in response to the pandemic, supporting people who are vulnerable and isolated," he says. People are reassured by knowing there are people close by who are thinking about them at this time, even if they don't get involved straightaway."

Visit COVID-19 Mutual Aid UK for a list of local groups supporting the most vulnerable in our communities.

Advance Care Planning

"It's not easy to talk about illness and dying," says Carter. "But we should all be having these conversations with elderly and vulnerable loved ones anyway, and now more than ever."

An Advance Care Plan enables people to plan their future care and support, including medical treatment and interventions (such as life support measures and 'do not rescuscitate' orders) while they have the capacity to do so. Rather than being upsetting, it can be reassuring for a loved one to know their wishes will be followed. Compassion in dying has set up a dedicated website to allow people to think about and record what they want in advance of any urgent situation.

"Our booklets and video on these issues have been really popular. They deal with the topic in a light-hearted and no nonsense way so you can have the conversation, get the details in place, then move on to jollier topics."

Talking and listening

How do we communicate and connect with vulnerable loved ones in a meaningful way during lockdown, beyond just 'staying in touch'? Sparkes has some useful tips.

Be honest and authentic

"Given the circumstances, we might want to try to make things OK for everyone and skip over how we're really feeling. We might avoid connecting with how others are doing because we feel powerless to help them. If we're not close by to offer practical help or at least a hug it can feel frustrating. But actually there's power in being vulnerable, in really listening and in saying how we feel, because it's that honesty and authenticity which promotes emotional connection. It goes beyond the autopilot of just 'staying in touch'."

Use time-based language

"If you're supporting someone vulnerable, it's important to listen and then to use time-based language if they start to catastrophise. So saying 'this is how it is at the moment' implies the future will be different and that what they are experiencing now will change. Reinforce the idea that coronavirus will eventually be controlled and restrictions will be lifted. We're not going to be doing this forever, it's for now."

Plan your conversations

"If you find you're running out of things to talk about when you check in with a loved one, come up with some conversation topics and activities that you can share online or on the phone. It might be sharing recipes, books you've enjoyed, jokes, or favourite memories. Arrange a time to chat about a particular topic and you can both have a think in advance about what to talk about."

Looking after your own well-being

While we're focused on caring for others who may be ill, or at risk, it can be easy to make own well-being less of a priority. Carers UK has some useful tips on its website on how to look after yourself while you're caring for someone else.

"It's important to have your own support mechanisms that are separate from loved ones you're caring for, so that you look after your own well-being as well as theirs," says Sparkes. "Find time for yourself even if space is at a premium at the moment and keep to a routine, even if it's not your usual one. And think about what goals and structures you might put into your week even if they're tiny things. The key is to keep it regular and to do something supportive for yourself each day as well as for others."