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Symptoms of sepsis in adults

Adult sepsis safety net

Sepsis is a severe condition that can be fatal if not caught early. Signs and symptoms can be vague or severe. This leaflet will let you know what symptoms to look out for.

At a glance

  • Sepsis is a serious, life-threatening reaction to an infection.

  • Sepsis is diagnosed in around 250,000 people in the UK each year.

  • Symptoms can include confusion, extreme shivering, passing no urine, or severe breathlessness.

  • Other symptoms are very high or low temperature, severe pain, dizziness, or a non-fading rash.

  • Any delay in treatment can be fatal.

  • Call 999 if you suspect sepsis.

Video picks for Meningitis and sepsis

This leaflet was originally produced in collaboration with The UK Sepsis Trust - it has since been updated. This charity is committed to raising awareness of sepsis and improving the care of patients with sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and needs emergency treatment in hospital. The symptoms of sepsis may be vague and not specific so seek medical advice immediately if you have any concerns. Any delays in treatment can be fatal.

Every year in the UK, there are around 250,000 people diagnosed with sepsis. 52,000 people die (1,000 children). This means a quarter of people who have sepsis will die if not treated early. There has been a huge drive for its recognition by patients and doctors. In fact, GPs need to repeat their training yearly to recognise this and let patients know what to look for and when to seek help.

What are the symptoms of sepsis?

You should always seek help if you, or anyone you're with, develops symptoms as below:

  • Slurred speech or confusion.

  • Extreme shivering or muscle pain.

  • Passing no urine (in a day - 18 hours).

  • Severe breathlessness.

  • It feels like you're going to die.

  • Skin is mottled or discoloured.

Other severe symptoms which could suggest sepsis include:

  • VERY high temperature (fever above 38°C ) or low body temperature (feels very cold- lower than 36°C).

  • Feeling very sleepy or about to lose consciousness.

  • Severe tummy (abdominal) pain.

  • Feeling very dizzy or faint, or having a fit (seizure).

  • A rash which does not fade with pressure. The glass test can be used - pressing a clear glass over the rash - the rash should fade; if it doesn't, you must call an ambulance immediately.

  • Not eating any food or drinking any fluid.

  • Being sick (vomiting) repeatedly.

If you do have sepsis you may also have other symptoms of infection such as a flu-like illness (cough, fever, muscle aches and joint pains) or diarrhoea and vomiting.

Early treatment saves lives. Call an emergency ambulance - 999 in the UK - if you are very concerned. Call your GP immediately if you're concerned but don't think you need to go straight to hospital. If there is any delay in talking to a doctor then call an ambulance immediately.

Frequently asked questions

What is the 'glass test' mentioned for rashes, and why is it important for sepsis?

The glass test involves pressing a clear glass over a rash. If the rash does not fade when pressure is applied, it could be a sign of sepsis, and you should call an ambulance immediately.

The article mentions a very high or very low temperature. What specific temperatures should I be concerned about?

You should be concerned if you have a fever above 38°C or if your body temperature drops below 36°C, making you feel very cold. Both extremes can be symptoms of sepsis.

What specific symptoms indicate that I should call an emergency ambulance (999) straight away for suspected sepsis?

You should call 999 if you are very concerned, or if severe symptoms like slurred speech or confusion, extreme shivering, passing no urine, severe breathlessness, feeling like you're going to die, mottled or discoloured skin, or a rash that doesn't fade with the glass test are present. Also, if there's any delay in talking to a doctor and you're concerned.

Can sepsis symptoms be similar to a common cold or flu?

Yes, if you have sepsis, you may also experience other symptoms of infection such as a flu-like illness (cough, fever, muscle aches and joint pains) or diarrhoea and vomiting, in addition to the more severe sepsis symptoms.

The article mentions passing no urine. How long without passing urine should be a concern?

You should be concerned if you pass no urine within a day, specifically after 18 hours, as this is listed as a symptom of sepsis.

Why is it so important for healthcare professionals like GPs to receive yearly training on sepsis?

GPs need yearly training to recognise sepsis and to inform patients about what to look for and when to seek help. This is part of a larger effort to drive recognition of sepsis, as early treatment saves lives.

Further reading and references

Continue reading below

About the authorView full bio

Author image

Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP

General Practitioner, Medical Author

MBBS, MRCGP, MRCP (Paediatrics), DCH

Dr Colin Tidy is an NHS Doctor, based in Oxfordshire.

About the reviewerView full bio

Author image

Dr Hayley Willacy, FRCGP

General Practitioner, Medical Author

MBChB (1992), DRCOG, DFFP, MRCOG (Part 1) MRCGP (2007), DFSRH (2013), MSc - medical education (2020)

Dr Hayley Willacy was an NHS GP working in northwest England, who retired from clinical practice in 2022 after 30 years. 

Article history

The information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians.

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