COVID-19: how to talk to children about the coronavirus pandemic

Talking about coronavirus

Most children will have some awareness of the coronavirus pandemic perhaps from the news or from friends. But to give our children confidence and a feeling of safety, it's important that we take the opportunity to talk to them ourselves. So what's the best way to do this?

"You can either respond to a child's comments or you can create the conversation yourself," advises Dr Maryhan Baker, parenting coach and psychologist. "It's important that you engage with your child on their emotional level and acknowledge their feelings. For example, we might say: 'Things might feel a bit scary at the moment. We have to stay at home, we can't see grandma. It's OK to feel worried and scared,'" explains Baker.

Use facts to reassure

It's important to be truthful with children, but at the same time not to cause alarm. "We know that the virus doesn't seem to affect children as much as adults," says Baker. "So we can explain to our children: 'If you get coronavirus as a child you are probably going to feel unwell. You might get a temperature and a cough, but we know that your bodies recover from it more easily.'

"For grown-ups, particularly granddad's age, it can make them feel more poorly. And that’s why we're not seeing him, because we're helping him to stay well."

Focusing on positive language and describing our actions as keeping others well - rather than 'preventing them from getting ill' - will help children to see the situation in a more positive light.

Check in with yourself

The best, most nuanced conversation in the world is not going to reassure a child if they see that you are scared or panicking about the situation. So it's important to think about our own behaviour and look after our emotional well-being too.

"As parents, we're the emotional barometer in the family," explains Baker. "Now, more than ever, we need to be checking in with our own emotions. Children are much more likely to respond to what they see than what we say, so your words need to be in line with your behaviour."

Looking after ourselves and keeping anxiety to a minimum are therefore a crucial part of parenting. "Children are often remarkably resilient," agrees Baker. "It's the parents who are often struggling with processing. Make sure you are not consuming too much news - do you need to restrict yourself in what you're looking at? We need to support ourselves so that we can support them."

Patient picks for COVID-19

Chest and lungs

How are universities supporting students during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Unsurprisingly, the pandemic has had an enormous impact on students. COVID-19 has meant students have been forced to isolate themselves and do their learning online, usually while paying extremely high university and accommodation fees.

by Lydia Smith

Chest and lungs

Long COVID

Most people with COVID-19 infection (SARS CoV-2 infection) feel better within a few days or weeks and recover completely within 12 weeks of the infection. However, some people have ongoing symptoms that remain for weeks, months, or longer, which is usually called "long COVID". For some, these long-term effects of COVID-19 can be debilitating. These effects can be very different from person to person, and it seems likely that there are different 'types' of long COVID, or different syndromes, which might behave in different ways.

by Dr Doug McKechnie, MRCGP

Signs of anxiety in children

As adults, it can sometimes be hard to recognise anxiety in ourselves. So it's likely that if your child is feeling anxious, they won't be able to recognise it or express it to you directly. However, they are likely to display outward signs that we can pick up on.

Difficulty sleeping

"Your child might find it more difficult than usual to fall asleep," explains Baker. "They might be in and out of their bedroom a lot, or lying awake in bed. They may be thinking about what they've heard in the day and be unable to switch off."

Tummy aches

"Some children complain of tummy aches - often children tend to feel anxiety in their gut."

Emotional reactions

"You might find your child is flying off the handle or responding to things in a way they wouldn't ordinarily. This could also be a sign that they're struggling," says Baker.

If your child is displaying these or other signs of anxiety, it's important to speak to them about it. Baker recommends we start by acknowledging what's happening and using language that shows we understand. "Say 'I can see you're upset about something' or 'I've noticed you're taking a while to go to sleep at the moment'. Then sit and chat about what might be going on in their mind during these difficult times," advises Baker

Finding ways to cope

Many adults are struggling with the situation at the moment. Being unable to see friends and family can be challenging for all of us. For children, it may be particularly difficult to understand or cope with.

As well as explaining the reasons why they can't go to school or see friends at present, Baker advises using this opportunity to tap into your child's inner creativity and resourcefulness.

"Rather than come up with a solution to a perceived problem, see if they can come up with solutions themselves," advises Baker. "For example, you might say 'let's see if we can think of ways to stay in touch with friends' and see what they come up with. Children are much more likely to do things if they've come up with the idea. They are so resourceful.

"Children also might benefit from using the opportunity to do something they've always wanted to - for example, designing their own website."

Allowing children to have a say in managing this time will help them feel more in control and will play a part in their developing confidence and important life skills.

Daily gratitude

In difficult times, it can be hard for us to acknowledge happy moments. But realising that, even on hard days, there are moments of light can be really helpful. Baker recommends encouraging children to practise 'daily gratitude', which has been proven to have a positive effect on mental health. "Ask them to think of three things in the day that made them happy, laugh or smile," she says. "Perhaps the sun was shining, or they had pancakes for breakfast."

By noticing the signs of anxiety, keeping an open dialogue and managing our own health effectively too, we can minimise the stress and help keep anxiety at bay for our children.