What to eat when you have gastroenteritis

Should you eat with gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis is an infection of the gut that causes unpleasant and uncomfortable symptoms, including tummy pain, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting.

Advice on eating with gastroenteritis has changed in recent years. Doctors used to recommend not eating at all, but now it's thought that small, light meals can do you good - the main thing is to be guided by your appetite.

Reema Patel is a London-based dietitian. She shares her advice on what to drink and eat - and what to avoid - when you have gastroenteritis.

Gastroenteritis: what to eat and drink

Clear fluids

No matter what you feel able to eat, above all else make sure you're drinking enough fluids to prevent dehydration. The vomiting and diarrhoea caused by gastroenteritis means you lose a lot of liquid.

Not peeing very much is a sign of dehydration, as is urine that has a strong yellow tint as opposed to being clear in colour. While nausea is a very common symptom of gastroenteritis, light-headedness and dizziness can also be caused by dehydration.

Patel recommends clear fluids such as water, broth, coconut water and herbal teas. You may also try oral rehydration solution drinks, which will help replace electrolytes - important salts and minerals lost through vomiting and diarrhoea. Sports drinks also do this - "but keep in mind that the latter can be high in added sugars", warns the dietitian.

A word of caution: drinking a lot of liquid too quickly could make your nausea and vomiting worse, so aim for lots of little sips over a couple of hours.

Peppermint tea

"As well as being a tool for rehydration, peppermint can also help reduce nausea," says Patel. She adds that, if you're not a fan of peppermint tea, you can use peppermint oil instead during breathing exercises.

One study of 100 participants¹ found that peppermint oil aromatherapy was significantly effective in easing nausea and reducing vomiting - if used as a stand-alone treatment and when used alongside anti-sickness medication.

Patient picks for Abdominal pain

Digestive health

What are the symptoms of appendicitis?

Appendicitis is a common condition where the appendix - part of the gut - becomes blocked, swollen, and inflamed. Appendicitis needs urgent treatment in hospital, usually requiring surgery to remove the appendix.

by Dr Doug McKechnie, MRCGP

Digestive health

Abdominal pain

Pain in the stomach (abdomen) is common. Usually it doesn't last long and is often due to a gut infection or a small upset - but there are many other possible causes. Pain that is severe or doesn't settle quickly may need attention from a doctor. The most common causes of abdominal pain are mentioned below.

by Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP

Easy to digest, plain foods

When it comes to what to eat with gastroenteritis, think bland, easy to digest foods. Anything rich or spicy isn't likely to go down well, as this tends to irritate the stomach during this illness.

Patel advises eating foods that can be easily and quickly digested by the body, to provide energy without causing stomach upset. Her examples include:

• Crackers.

• Dry cereal.

• Plain potatoes.

• Bananas.

• Plain toast.

• Pretzels.

Just as you should drink in small sips, only attempt to eat small amounts of food at frequent intervals. If you feel sick while eating, listen to your body and stop.

Ginger

Ginger is one spice that you may want to make an exception for. Like peppermint, ginger is also an effective remedy for nausea and vomiting².

"Steep some ginger in hot water for a comforting ginger tea. Alternatively, have some soup that contains grated fresh ginger," says the dietitian.

Foods to avoid with gastroenteritis

You should avoid certain foods, as these can irritate your stomach and make you feel even more sick. According to Patel, highly seasoned foods, spicy foods, and fatty foods are off the menu, due to how difficult they are to digest. Coffee and other caffeine-based beverages are also a bad idea:

"Caffeine can affect your sleep quality, and also possibly interfere with digestion and increase your risk of diarrhoea," says Patel.

If you're usually a lover of coffee or rich, spicy foods, the chances are you won't be tempted by them while you have gastroenteritis. Your appetite tends to reflect what your digestive system can handle. This said, when you're on the mend and your appetite starts to return, it's good to remain cautious with what you eat.

Further reading

1. Mohr et al: Peppermint essential oil for nausea and vomiting in hospitalized patients: incorporating holistic patient decision making into the research design.

2. Lete and Allué: The effectiveness of ginger in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy and chemotherapy.