Paracetamol

About paracetamol

What is paracetamol used for?

Paracetamol is a painkiller used to relieve mild to moderate pain. It is also useful for lowering a raised temperature, such as during a cold or after childhood immunisations.

Paracetamol is a common painkiller and is available to buy from many retail outlets as tablets/capsules and as liquid medicine. Many brands of 'over-the-counter' combination painkillers contain paracetamol, as do many cold and flu remedies.

It is important that you check the label on any preparation that you buy to make sure that you are not taking more than one preparation containing paracetamol.

Side effects of paracetamol

Paracetamol rarely causes side effects when it is taken as recommended.

If you do experience any, they are usually mild and may include:

• Feeling sick (nausea).

• Stomach pain.

• Drowsiness.

• Increased sweating.

If you experience any symptoms which you think may be due to it, discuss them with your pharmacist or doctor.

A full list of side effects can be found in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with the paracetamol.

Can paracetamol cause autism?

Studies have found that taking paracetamol during pregnancy does not cause autism. When used at recommended doses, paracetamol is considered safe, however if you’re unsure, you should talk to your doctor.

Who should not take paracetamol?

Some medicines aren’t suitable for everyone. Before taking paracetamol, your doctor or pharmacists needs to know if:

• You are pregnant or breastfeeding. This is because, while you are expecting or feeding a baby, you should only take medicines on the recommendation of a doctor.

• You have a serious problem with the way your liver works, or if you regularly drink large amounts of alcohol.

• You are taking medicines prescribed by a doctor.

• You have ever had an allergic reaction to a medicine.

How to take paracetamol

• Read the leaflet that comes with the medicine before you start. It explains how paracetamol works and lists possible side effects.

• Take paracetamol exactly as you have been told by your doctor or pharmacist, or as directed on the label of the container.

• Recommended doses of paracetamol are:

  • For adults and children aged 16 years and older: 500 mg-1 g every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of 4 g daily.

  • For children aged 12-15 years: 480-750 mg every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of four doses daily.

  • For children aged 10-11 years: 480-500 mg every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of four doses daily.

  • For children aged 8-9 years: 360-375 mg every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of four doses daily.

  • For children aged 6-7 years: 240-250 mg every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of four doses daily.

  • For children aged 4-5 years: 240 mg every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of four doses daily.

  • For children aged 2-3 years: 180 mg every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of four doses daily.

  • For children aged 6 months-1 year: 120 mg every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of four doses daily.

  • For children aged 3-5 months: 60 mg every 4-6 hours up to a maximum of four doses daily.

  • For children aged 2 months following immunisation: 60 mg, repeated once after 4-6 hours if needed.

• You can take a dose of paracetamol every 4-6 hours if needed, up to four times a day. Remember to leave at least four hours between doses.

• Do not take more than four doses of paracetamol in any 24-hour period.

• You can take paracetamol before or after food.

• If you are giving paracetamol to your child, always check the label carefully to make sure you are giving the correct dose for the age of your child.

• Never take more than the recommended dose of paracetamol, as taking too much can damage your liver, and if an overdose is suspected you should go to A&E immediately, even if you feel well, taking the medicine packet with you.

• If you miss a dose take it as soon as you remember but do not take two doses together to make up for a forgotten dose.

Getting the most from your treatment

• If your pain is not relieved by taking paracetamol, speak with your pharmacist or doctor for further advice.

• Do not take more than one medicine containing paracetamol at the same time, and always check labels on cold, flu, or painkillers to see if they already contain it.

How to store paracetamol

• Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.

Important information about all medicines

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take for paracetamol to work?

Paracetamol usually starts working within 30-60 minutes after taking it. Maximum pain relief and fever reduction are typically reached within 1-2 hours, depending on the dose and your individual response.

Can you drink alcohol with paracetamol?

Drinking a small amount of alcohol while taking paracetamol is usually safe. However, alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage, especially if you take high doses or use paracetamol regularly. It is best to wait until the end of your treatment before drinking alcohol.

Can you take paracetamol when pregnant?

Yes, paracetamol is generally considered safe during pregnancy when taken at the recommended dose. Always consult your doctor or midwife before taking any medication while pregnant.

Can you take paracetamol and ibuprofen together?

Yes, paracetamol and ibuprofen can be taken together or alternated for better pain relief. This combination can be used safely if you follow the recommended doses for each medicine.

Can you take paracetamol with antibiotics?

Yes, paracetamol is safe to take with antibiotics. It can help relieve pain or fever caused by infections, and there are no known interactions with most common antibiotics.