Nitrofurantoin for urine infections

About nitrofurantoin

What is nitrofurantoin used for?

Nitrofurantoin is a type of antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adults and children over 3 months.

Most UTIs are caused by germs (bacteria) that come from your own bowel. They are usually easily treated with a short course of an antibacterial medicine such as nitrofurantoin.

Occasionally, longer-term treatment is needed to prevent infections from coming back. Nitrofurantoin works by killing the bacteria causing the infection.

Side effects of nitrofurantoin

Common side effects of nitrofurantoin are:

• Feeling sick.

• Being sick.

• Loss of appetite.

• Feeling dizzy or sleepy.

• Itchy rash.

You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine.

The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

How to manage nitrofurantoin side effects

If you experience any other symptoms which you think may be due to the medicine, speak with your doctor or pharmacist for further advice.

Who should not take nitrofurantoin

Some medicines aren’t suitable for certain health conditions or may require extra care. Before taking nitrofurantoin, it is important to let your doctor know:

• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Although nitrofurantoin can be taken during pregnancy, it is still important that you tell your doctor about being pregnant.

• If you have any problems with the way your liver works, or if you have any problems with the way your kidneys work.

• If you have diabetes (diabetes mellitus).

• If you have been told you have anaemia, or if you have low levels of vitamin B or folic acid.

• If you have any breathing problems.

• If you have a problem where your nerves cause pain or numbness, called peripheral neuropathy.

• If you have been told you have one of the following rare inherited conditions: porphyria or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

• If you are taking any other medicines. This includes any medicines which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.

• If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a medicine.

How to take nitrofurantoin

• Read the information leaflet in the pack before starting. It explains nitrofurantoin and its possible side effects.

• Take nitrofurantoin exactly as your doctor instructs. Your dose depends on whether it’s for treating or preventing an infection. Follow the label instructions.

• Take each dose with food or a snack. Space doses evenly: four times a day = every 6 hours, twice a day = every 12 hours, once a day = every 24 hours.

• Finish the full course, even if you feel well, to prevent the infection from returning. Most courses last 3-7 days; for frequent urine infections, treatment may last up to six months.

• If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed one.

Getting the most from your treatment

• Most people feel better within a few days. If your symptoms don’t improve, see your doctor as you may need a different antibiotic.

• Nitrofurantoin can turn your urine yellow or brown. This is harmless.

• Check with a pharmacist before taking any other medicines. Some antacids can stop nitrofurantoin from working properly.

• If you take the contraceptive pill, its effectiveness may be reduced if you have vomiting or diarrhoea lasting more than 24 hours. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about extra precautions.

• Tell your doctor or dentist that you are taking nitrofurantoin before any treatment, as it can affect some tests.

• Nitrofurantoin can stop the oral typhoid vaccine from working. Inform your healthcare provider if you are due for any vaccinations.

How to store nitrofurantoin

• Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.

• The liquid medicine lasts for 30 days after first opening.

Important information about all medicines

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take for nitrofurantoin take to work on a UTI?

Most people start to feel better within 2-3 days of taking nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Burning and urgency often improve first, while bladder pressure or discomfort may take a bit longer. Always finish the full course, even if you feel better.

Is nitrofurantoin safe to take during pregnancy?

Nitrofurantoin is generally considered safe to take during pregnancy, especially in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. However, it’s usually avoided close to delivery (around weeks 38-42) as it may affect the baby’s red blood cells.

Can you drink alcohol on nitrofurantoin?

Yes, you can drink alcohol in moderation while taking nitrofurantoin as alcohol does not interfere with how it works. However, drinking too much can make side effects such as nausea, dizziness, or stomach upset feel worse.

What should you avoid while taking nitrofurantoin?

When taking nitrofurantoin, you should avoid taking antacids containing magnesium trisilicate as they can reduce how well the medicine works.

Does nitrofurantoin make you urinate more?

No, nitrofurantoin does not make you urinate more. If you feel like you’re peeing more often, it is usually because of the UTI itself, not the medication.

Does nitrofurantoin contain penicillin?

No, nitrofurantoin does not contain penicillin. It is a different type of antibiotic used mainly to treat urinary tract infections and works differently from penicillin.