How to find out what's causing your foot pain

Bunions could be causing foot pain

Bunions - those unsightly V-shaped lumps at the base of your big toe - can cause skin rubbing, infection, pain and inflammation. . They can also make it hard to find shoes to fit. Doctors used to think they were all down to wearing tight pointy shoes. But while these can undoubtedly make matters worse, it's more often an inherited tendency to weakness in the joint, or arthritis, that triggers bunions in the first place.

Roomy flat or low-heeled shoes that don't squash your toes will reduce friction over the base of the toe and may be all you need. A podiatrist can advise on the best shoes and padding over the bunion. In troublesome cases, your doctor may recommend surgery. This isn't an easy option - it involves either trimming the joint or breaking and realigning the bones, but it does usually offer a permanent cure.

Patient picks for Heel and foot pain

Foot care

How to find the perfect running shoes for your feet

Whether you've only just decided to take up running, or have long been in training for a marathon, having the right pair of trainers can make a big difference in keeping injuries at bay. But before you think about buying the latest brand, always make sure you get the best advice, as I discovered on a recent shopping trip to London.

by Ross Davies

Foot care

Achilles tendon rupture

The Achilles tendon is at the back of the heel. It can be ruptured by sudden force on the foot or ankle. If your Achilles tendon is ruptured you will be unable to stand on tiptoe and will have a flat-footed walk. It is important to diagnose and treat this injury as soon as possible, to help promote healing. Treatment involves wearing a plaster cast or brace (orthosis) for several weeks, and possibly having an operation.

by Dr Doug McKechnie, MRCGP

Your toenails could be causing foot pain

Do you cut your toenails down at the edges? Just - don't - ever! It's a major cause of painful ingrowing toenails, which usually happen when the side of the nail grows into the tender flesh. Caught early, letting the toenail grow out (soaking and teasing out the nail every evening with a cotton bud) may solve the problem. You can find out more details of how to go about it in our leaflet on ingrowing toenails.

Otherwise, antibiotics and sometimes surgery to cut away the edge of your nail may be needed. It's usually done by a podiatrist or 'podiatric surgeon'. Podiatrists can help with corns, verrucas, ingrowing toenails, toenail clipping and a host of other foot problems - often on the NHS. Unfortunately, budget restrictions within the NHS means that services are decided by the authorities in individual regions, and some have stopped commissioning services such as toenail cutting, or limited services to people with specific conditions such as diabetes.

Plantar fasciitis could cause you foot pain

Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the tough connective tissue under your heel. Often a sudden increase in exercise (especially in shoes that don't have good cushioning in the soles) is a common cause, but being overweight makes you more prone too. Rest, anti-inflammatory tablets,well cushioned, and comfortable shoes may help.

So can exercises to stretch the connective tissue of your foot and ankle. You can find out more in our leaflet on foot pain, or watch our resident physiotherapist taking you through a range of exercises in our foot pain video. If these don't help, physiotherapy or a steroid injection into the painful spot may be recommended.

Athlete's foot could be causing your foot pain

Athlete's foot isn't just for athletes - any shoes that make your feet hot and sweaty can make you prone to this fungal infection, which causes itching, scaling and painful splitting of the skin between the toes. Antifungal creams and powder (to soak up sweat) should solve the problem, although you'll need to keep using the cream for a week or two after the problem has gone (your pharmacist can advise).

To prevent it coming back, follow these simple tips:

• Wash your feet daily.

• Dry really thoroughly between the toes, using a clean dry towel.

• Use cotton socks to let your feet breathe.

• Change your shoes every couple of days to let them dry out.

• Don't wear trainers without socks.

• Find some time for bare feet at home.

Keeping feet healthy

For healthy feet, follow a few simple shoe-wise steps. Don't forget however, if you have diabetes, it's essential to check your feet daily and report any sore patches or ulcers to your GP.

Pumps are fine now and again, but they don't provide support for your arches so can cause aching. They can also cause clawing of your toes. Tight shoes make you prone to ingrowing toenails as well as corns and calluses. Wearing high heels forces your feet forward, squashing your toes and making bunions more problematic. It may not be the season for flip-flops, but they do let your feet breathe, reducing the chance of athlete's foot. Like pumps, however, they don't offer support and are easy to trip on, causing falls.

Leather shoes let your feet breathe in a way synthetic ones don't. Well-fitted trainers with plenty of padding cut the risk of plantar fasciitis and corns, but don't wear them too long if you want to avoid athlete's foot. Shop for shoes at the end of the day, when your feet are a bit bigger. For a smarter look, kitten heels with an ankle strap look smart - and they're a smart choice for your feet, too.